merge

This could be a potential fix for #564

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+  - package-ecosystem: gomod
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+on: [push, pull_request]
+name: Test
+jobs:
+  test:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        go-version: [1.18.x, 1.19.x]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+    - name: Install Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      with:
+        go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      with:
+        path: ~/go/pkg/mod
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ runner.os }}-go-
+    - name: Test
+      run: go test -race -bench . -benchmem ./...
+    - name: Test CBOR
+      run: go test -tags binary_log ./...
+

.gitignore

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 # Folders
 _obj
 _test
+tmp
 
 # Architecture specific extensions/prefixes
 *.[568vq]

.travis.yml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-language: go
-go:
-- "1.7"
-- "1.8"
-- "1.9"
-- "1.10"
-- "master"
-matrix:
-  allow_failures:
-      - go: "master"
-script:
-  - go test -v -race -cpu=1,2,4 -bench . -benchmem ./...
-  - go test -v -tags binary_log -race -cpu=1,2,4 -bench . -benchmem ./...

CNAME

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+zlog.io

README.md

@@ -1,90 +1,100 @@
+###zlog
+
+opinionated defaults on zerolog
+
+
+
 # Zero Allocation JSON Logger
 
-[![godoc](http://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-blue.svg?style=flat)](https://godoc.org/github.com/rs/zerolog) [![license](http://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-red.svg?style=flat)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rs/zerolog/master/LICENSE) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/rs/zerolog.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/rs/zerolog) [![Coverage](http://gocover.io/_badge/github.com/rs/zerolog)](http://gocover.io/github.com/rs/zerolog)
+[![godoc](http://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-blue.svg?style=flat)](https://godoc.org/tuxpa.in/a/zlog) [![license](http://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-red.svg?style=flat)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rs/zlog/master/LICENSE) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/rs/zlog.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/rs/zlog) [![Coverage](http://gocover.io/_badge/tuxpa.in/a/zlog)](http://gocover.io/tuxpa.in/a/zlog)
 
-The zerolog package provides a fast and simple logger dedicated to JSON output.
+The zlog package provides a fast and simple logger dedicated to JSON output.
 
-Zerolog's API is designed to provide both a great developer experience and stunning [performance](#benchmarks). Its unique chaining API allows zerolog to write JSON (or CBOR) log events by avoiding allocations and reflection.
+Zerolog's API is designed to provide both a great developer experience and stunning [performance](#benchmarks). Its unique chaining API allows zlog to write JSON (or CBOR) log events by avoiding allocations and reflection.
 
 Uber's [zap](https://godoc.org/go.uber.org/zap) library pioneered this approach. Zerolog is taking this concept to the next level with a simpler to use API and even better performance.
 
-To keep the code base and the API simple, zerolog focuses on efficient structured logging only. Pretty logging on the console is made possible using the provided (but inefficient) `zerolog.ConsoleWriter`.
+To keep the code base and the API simple, zlog focuses on efficient structured logging only. Pretty logging on the console is made possible using the provided (but inefficient) [`zlog.ConsoleWriter`](#pretty-logging).
 
 ![Pretty Logging Image](pretty.png)
 
-## Who uses zerolog
+## Who uses zlog
 
-Find out [who uses zerolog](https://github.com/rs/zerolog/wiki/Who-uses-zerolog) and add your company / project to the list.
+Find out [who uses zlog](https://tuxpa.in/a/zlog/wiki/Who-uses-zlog) and add your company / project to the list.
 
 ## Features
 
-* Blazing fast
+* [Blazing fast](#benchmarks)
-* Low to zero allocation
+* [Low to zero allocation](#benchmarks)
-* Level logging
+* [Leveled logging](#leveled-logging)
-* Sampling
+* [Sampling](#log-sampling)
-* Hooks
+* [Hooks](#hooks)
-* Contextual fields
+* [Contextual fields](#contextual-logging)
-* `context.Context` integration
+* [`context.Context` integration](#contextcontext-integration)
-* `net/http` helpers
+* [Integration with `net/http`](#integration-with-nethttp)
-* JSON and CBOR encoding formats
+* [JSON and CBOR encoding formats](#binary-encoding)
-* Pretty logging for development
+* [Pretty logging for development](#pretty-logging)
+* [Error Logging (with optional Stacktrace)](#error-logging)
 
 ## Installation
 
-```go
+```bash
-go get -u github.com/rs/zerolog/log
+go get -u tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log
 ```
 
 ## Getting Started
 
 ### Simple Logging Example
 
-For simple logging, import the global logger package **github.com/rs/zerolog/log**
+For simple logging, import the global logger package **tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log**
 
 ```go
 package main
 
 import (
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 )
 
 func main() {
     // UNIX Time is faster and smaller than most timestamps
-    // If you set zerolog.TimeFieldFormat to an empty string,
+    zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
-    // logs will write with UNIX time
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
 
     log.Print("hello world")
 }
 
 // Output: {"time":1516134303,"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}
 ```
-
+> Note: By default log writes to `os.Stderr`
 > Note: The default log level for `log.Print` is *debug*
 
 ### Contextual Logging
 
-**zerolog** allows data to be added to log messages in the form of key:value pairs. The data added to the message adds "context" about the log event that can be critical for debugging as well as myriad other purposes. An example of this is below:
+**zlog** allows data to be added to log messages in the form of key:value pairs. The data added to the message adds "context" about the log event that can be critical for debugging as well as myriad other purposes. An example of this is below:
 
 ```go
 package main
 
 import (
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 )
 
 func main() {
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
+    zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
 
     log.Debug().
         Str("Scale", "833 cents").
         Float64("Interval", 833.09).
         Msg("Fibonacci is everywhere")
+
+    log.Debug().
+        Str("Name", "Tom").
+        Send()
 }
 
-// Output: {"time":1524104936,"level":"debug","Scale":"833 cents","Interval":833.09,"message":"Fibonacci is everywhere"}
+// Output: {"level":"debug","Scale":"833 cents","Interval":833.09,"time":1562212768,"message":"Fibonacci is everywhere"}
+// Output: {"level":"debug","Name":"Tom","time":1562212768}
 ```
 
 > You'll note in the above example that when adding contextual fields, the fields are strongly typed. You can find the full list of supported fields [here](#standard-types)
@@ -97,12 +107,12 @@ func main() {
 package main
 
 import (
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 )
 
 func main() {
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
+    zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
 
     log.Info().Msg("hello world")
 }
@@ -110,18 +120,19 @@ func main() {
 // Output: {"time":1516134303,"level":"info","message":"hello world"}
 ```
 
-> It is very important to note that when using the **zerolog** chaining API, as shown above (`log.Info().Msg("hello world"`), the chain must have either the `Msg` or `Msgf` method call. If you forget to add either of these, the log will not occur and there is no compile time error to alert you of this.
+> It is very important to note that when using the **zlog** chaining API, as shown above (`log.Info().Msg("hello world"`), the chain must have either the `Msg` or `Msgf` method call. If you forget to add either of these, the log will not occur and there is no compile time error to alert you of this.
 
-**zerolog** allows for logging at the following levels (from highest to lowest):
+**zlog** allows for logging at the following levels (from highest to lowest):
 
-* panic (`zerolog.PanicLevel`, 5)
+* panic (`zlog.PanicLevel`, 5)
-* fatal (`zerolog.FatalLevel`, 4)
+* fatal (`zlog.FatalLevel`, 4)
-* error (`zerolog.ErrorLevel`, 3)
+* error (`zlog.ErrorLevel`, 3)
-* warn (`zerolog.WarnLevel`, 2)
+* warn (`zlog.WarnLevel`, 2)
-* info (`zerolog.InfoLevel`, 1)
+* info (`zlog.InfoLevel`, 1)
-* debug (`zerolog.DebugLevel`, 0)
+* debug (`zlog.DebugLevel`, 0)
+* trace (`zlog.TraceLevel`, -1)
 
-You can set the Global logging level to any of these options using the `SetGlobalLevel` function in the zerolog package, passing in one of the given constants above, e.g. `zerolog.InfoLevel` would be the "info" level.  Whichever level is chosen, all logs with a level greater than or equal to that level will be written. To turn off logging entirely, pass the `zerolog.Disabled` constant.
+You can set the Global logging level to any of these options using the `SetGlobalLevel` function in the zlog package, passing in one of the given constants above, e.g. `zlog.InfoLevel` would be the "info" level.  Whichever level is chosen, all logs with a level greater than or equal to that level will be written. To turn off logging entirely, pass the `zlog.Disabled` constant.
 
 #### Setting Global Log Level
 
@@ -133,20 +144,20 @@ package main
 import (
     "flag"
 
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 )
 
 func main() {
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
+    zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
     debug := flag.Bool("debug", false, "sets log level to debug")
 
     flag.Parse()
 
     // Default level for this example is info, unless debug flag is present
-    zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.InfoLevel)
+    zlog.SetGlobalLevel(zlog.InfoLevel)
     if *debug {
-        zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.DebugLevel)
+        zlog.SetGlobalLevel(zlog.DebugLevel)
     }
 
     log.Debug().Msg("This message appears only when log level set to Debug")
@@ -184,12 +195,12 @@ You may choose to log without a specific level by using the `Log` method. You ma
 package main
 
 import (
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 )
 
 func main() {
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
+    zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
 
     log.Log().
         Str("foo", "bar").
@@ -199,6 +210,80 @@ func main() {
 // Output: {"time":1494567715,"foo":"bar"}
 ```
 
+### Error Logging
+
+You can log errors using the `Err` method
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
+
+	err := errors.New("seems we have an error here")
+	log.Error().Err(err).Msg("")
+}
+
+// Output: {"level":"error","error":"seems we have an error here","time":1609085256}
+```
+
+> The default field name for errors is `error`, you can change this by setting `zlog.ErrorFieldName` to meet your needs.
+
+#### Error Logging with Stacktrace
+
+Using `github.com/pkg/errors`, you can add a formatted stacktrace to your errors.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/pkgerrors"
+
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
+	zlog.ErrorStackMarshaler = pkgerrors.MarshalStack
+
+	err := outer()
+	log.Error().Stack().Err(err).Msg("")
+}
+
+func inner() error {
+	return errors.New("seems we have an error here")
+}
+
+func middle() error {
+	err := inner()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func outer() error {
+	err := middle()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Output: {"level":"error","stack":[{"func":"inner","line":"20","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"middle","line":"24","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"outer","line":"32","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"main","line":"15","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"main","line":"204","source":"proc.go"},{"func":"goexit","line":"1374","source":"asm_amd64.s"}],"error":"seems we have an error here","time":1609086683}
+```
+
+> zlog.ErrorStackMarshaler must be set in order for the stack to output anything.
+
 #### Logging Fatal Messages
 
 ```go
@@ -207,15 +292,15 @@ package main
 import (
     "errors"
 
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+    "tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 )
 
 func main() {
     err := errors.New("A repo man spends his life getting into tense situations")
     service := "myservice"
 
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
+    zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
 
     log.Fatal().
         Err(err).
@@ -229,10 +314,11 @@ func main() {
 
 > NOTE: Using `Msgf` generates one allocation even when the logger is disabled.
 
+
 ### Create logger instance to manage different outputs
 
 ```go
-logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
+logger := zlog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
 
 logger.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("hello world")
 
@@ -252,14 +338,38 @@ sublogger.Info().Msg("hello world")
 
 ### Pretty logging
 
+To log a human-friendly, colorized output, use `zlog.ConsoleWriter`:
+
 ```go
-if isConsole {
+log.Logger = log.Output(zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stderr})
-    log.Logger = log.Output(zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stderr})
-}
 
 log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello world")
 
-// Output: 1494567715 |INFO| Hello world foo=bar
+// Output: 3:04PM INF Hello World foo=bar
+```
+
+To customize the configuration and formatting:
+
+```go
+output := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout, TimeFormat: time.RFC3339}
+output.FormatLevel = func(i interface{}) string {
+    return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("| %-6s|", i))
+}
+output.FormatMessage = func(i interface{}) string {
+    return fmt.Sprintf("***%s****", i)
+}
+output.FormatFieldName = func(i interface{}) string {
+    return fmt.Sprintf("%s:", i)
+}
+output.FormatFieldValue = func(i interface{}) string {
+    return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s", i))
+}
+
+log := zlog.New(output).With().Timestamp().Logger()
+
+log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
+
+// Output: 2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00 | INFO  | ***Hello World**** foo:BAR
 ```
 
 ### Sub dictionary
@@ -267,7 +377,7 @@ log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello world")
 ```go
 log.Info().
     Str("foo", "bar").
-    Dict("dict", zerolog.Dict().
+    Dict("dict", zlog.Dict().
         Str("bar", "baz").
         Int("n", 1),
     ).Msg("hello world")
@@ -278,9 +388,9 @@ log.Info().
 ### Customize automatic field names
 
 ```go
-zerolog.TimestampFieldName = "t"
+zlog.TimestampFieldName = "t"
-zerolog.LevelFieldName = "l"
+zlog.LevelFieldName = "l"
-zerolog.MessageFieldName = "m"
+zlog.MessageFieldName = "m"
 
 log.Info().Msg("hello world")
 
@@ -295,6 +405,8 @@ log.Logger = log.With().Str("foo", "bar").Logger()
 
 ### Add file and line number to log
 
+Equivalent of `Llongfile`:
+
 ```go
 log.Logger = log.With().Caller().Logger()
 log.Info().Msg("hello world")
@@ -302,16 +414,35 @@ log.Info().Msg("hello world")
 // Output: {"level": "info", "message": "hello world", "caller": "/go/src/your_project/some_file:21"}
 ```
 
+Equivalent of `Lshortfile`:
+
+```go
+zlog.CallerMarshalFunc = func(pc uintptr, file string, line int) string {
+    short := file
+    for i := len(file) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
+        if file[i] == '/' {
+            short = file[i+1:]
+            break
+        }
+    }
+    file = short
+    return file + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
+}
+log.Logger = log.With().Caller().Logger()
+log.Info().Msg("hello world")
+
+// Output: {"level": "info", "message": "hello world", "caller": "some_file:21"}
+```
 
 ### Thread-safe, lock-free, non-blocking writer
 
-If your writer might be slow or not thread-safe and you need your log producers to never get slowed down by a slow writer, you can use a `diode.Writer` as follow:
+If your writer might be slow or not thread-safe and you need your log producers to never get slowed down by a slow writer, you can use a `diode.Writer` as follows:
 
 ```go
 wr := diode.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 1000, 10*time.Millisecond, func(missed int) {
 		fmt.Printf("Logger Dropped %d messages", missed)
 	})
-log := zerolog.New(w)
+log := zlog.New(wr)
 log.Print("test")
 ```
 
@@ -320,7 +451,7 @@ You will need to install `code.cloudfoundry.org/go-diodes` to use this feature.
 ### Log Sampling
 
 ```go
-sampled := log.Sample(&zerolog.BasicSampler{N: 10})
+sampled := log.Sample(&zlog.BasicSampler{N: 10})
 sampled.Info().Msg("will be logged every 10 messages")
 
 // Output: {"time":1494567715,"level":"info","message":"will be logged every 10 messages"}
@@ -332,11 +463,11 @@ More advanced sampling:
 // Will let 5 debug messages per period of 1 second.
 // Over 5 debug message, 1 every 100 debug messages are logged.
 // Other levels are not sampled.
-sampled := log.Sample(zerolog.LevelSampler{
+sampled := log.Sample(zlog.LevelSampler{
-    DebugSampler: &zerolog.BurstSampler{
+    DebugSampler: &zlog.BurstSampler{
         Burst: 5,
         Period: 1*time.Second,
-        NextSampler: &zerolog.BasicSampler{N: 100},
+        NextSampler: &zlog.BasicSampler{N: 100},
     },
 })
 sampled.Debug().Msg("hello world")
@@ -349,8 +480,8 @@ sampled.Debug().Msg("hello world")
 ```go
 type SeverityHook struct{}
 
-func (h SeverityHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, level zerolog.Level, msg string) {
+func (h SeverityHook) Run(e *zlog.Event, level zlog.Level, msg string) {
-    if level != zerolog.NoLevel {
+    if level != zlog.NoLevel {
         e.Str("severity", level.String())
     }
 }
@@ -364,7 +495,7 @@ hooked.Warn().Msg("")
 ### Pass a sub-logger by context
 
 ```go
-ctx := log.With("component", "module").Logger().WithContext(ctx)
+ctx := log.With().Str("component", "module").Logger().WithContext(ctx)
 
 log.Ctx(ctx).Info().Msg("hello world")
 
@@ -374,7 +505,7 @@ log.Ctx(ctx).Info().Msg("hello world")
 ### Set as standard logger output
 
 ```go
-log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+stdlog := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
     Str("foo", "bar").
     Logger()
 
@@ -386,14 +517,38 @@ stdlog.Print("hello world")
 // Output: {"foo":"bar","message":"hello world"}
 ```
 
+### context.Context integration
+
+The `Logger` instance could be attached to `context.Context` values with `logger.WithContext(ctx)`
+and extracted from it using `zerolog.Ctx(ctx)`.
+
+Example to add logger to context:
+```go
+// this code attach logger instance to context fields
+ctx := context.Background()
+logger := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+ctx = logger.WithContext(ctx)
+someFunc(ctx)
+```
+
+Extracting logger from context:
+```go
+func someFunc(ctx context.Context) {
+  // get logger from context. if it's nill, then `zerolog.DefaultContextLogger` is returned,
+  // if `DefaultContextLogger` is nil, then disabled logger returned.
+  logger := zerolog.Ctx(ctx)
+  logger.Info().Msg("Hello")
+}
+```
+
 ### Integration with `net/http`
 
-The `github.com/rs/zerolog/hlog` package provides some helpers to integrate zerolog with `http.Handler`.
+The `tuxpa.in/a/zlog/hlog` package provides some helpers to integrate zlog with `http.Handler`.
 
 In this example we use [alice](https://github.com/justinas/alice) to install logger for better readability.
 
 ```go
-log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
     Timestamp().
     Str("role", "my-service").
     Str("host", host).
@@ -405,11 +560,11 @@ c := alice.New()
 c = c.Append(hlog.NewHandler(log))
 
 // Install some provided extra handler to set some request's context fields.
-// Thanks to those handler, all our logs will come with some pre-populated fields.
+// Thanks to that handler, all our logs will come with some prepopulated fields.
 c = c.Append(hlog.AccessHandler(func(r *http.Request, status, size int, duration time.Duration) {
     hlog.FromRequest(r).Info().
         Str("method", r.Method).
-        Str("url", r.URL.String()).
+        Stringer("url", r.URL).
         Int("status", status).
         Int("size", size).
         Dur("duration", duration).
@@ -439,22 +594,40 @@ if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil); err != nil {
 }
 ```
 
+## Multiple Log Output
+`zlog.MultiLevelWriter` may be used to send the log message to multiple outputs.
+In this example, we send the log message to both `os.Stdout` and the in-built ConsoleWriter.
+```go
+func main() {
+	consoleWriter := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout}
+
+	multi := zlog.MultiLevelWriter(consoleWriter, os.Stdout)
+
+	logger := zlog.New(multi).With().Timestamp().Logger()
+
+	logger.Info().Msg("Hello World!")
+}
+
+// Output (Line 1: Console; Line 2: Stdout)
+// 12:36PM INF Hello World!
+// {"level":"info","time":"2019-11-07T12:36:38+03:00","message":"Hello World!"}
+```
+
 ## Global Settings
 
-Some settings can be changed and will by applied to all loggers:
+Some settings can be changed and will be applied to all loggers:
 
 * `log.Logger`: You can set this value to customize the global logger (the one used by package level methods).
-* `zerolog.SetGlobalLevel`: Can raise the minimum level of all loggers. Set this to `zerolog.Disable` to disable logging altogether (quiet mode).
+* `zlog.SetGlobalLevel`: Can raise the minimum level of all loggers. Call this with `zlog.Disabled` to disable logging altogether (quiet mode).
-* `zerolog.DisableSampling`: If argument is `true`, all sampled loggers will stop sampling and issue 100% of their log events.
+* `zlog.DisableSampling`: If argument is `true`, all sampled loggers will stop sampling and issue 100% of their log events.
-* `zerolog.TimestampFieldName`: Can be set to customize `Timestamp` field name.
+* `zlog.TimestampFieldName`: Can be set to customize `Timestamp` field name.
-* `zerolog.LevelFieldName`: Can be set to customize level field name.
+* `zlog.LevelFieldName`: Can be set to customize level field name.
-* `zerolog.MessageFieldName`: Can be set to customize message field name.
+* `zlog.MessageFieldName`: Can be set to customize message field name.
-* `zerolog.ErrorFieldName`: Can be set to customize `Err` field name.
+* `zlog.ErrorFieldName`: Can be set to customize `Err` field name.
-* `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`: Can be set to customize `Time` field value formatting. If set with an empty string, times are formated as UNIX timestamp.
+* `zlog.TimeFieldFormat`: Can be set to customize `Time` field value formatting. If set with `zlog.TimeFormatUnix`, `zlog.TimeFormatUnixMs` or `zlog.TimeFormatUnixMicro`, times are formated as UNIX timestamp.
-    // DurationFieldUnit defines the unit for time.Duration type fields added
+* `zlog.DurationFieldUnit`: Can be set to customize the unit for time.Duration type fields added by `Dur` (default: `time.Millisecond`).
-    // using the Dur method.
+* `zlog.DurationFieldInteger`: If set to `true`, `Dur` fields are formatted as integers instead of floats (default: `false`).
-* `DurationFieldUnit`: Sets the unit of the fields added by `Dur` (default: `time.Millisecond`).
+* `zlog.ErrorHandler`: Called whenever zlog fails to write an event on its output. If not set, an error is printed on the stderr. This handler must be thread safe and non-blocking.
-* `DurationFieldInteger`: If set to true, `Dur` fields are formatted as integers instead of floats.
 
 ## Field Types
 
@@ -468,30 +641,43 @@ Some settings can be changed and will by applied to all loggers:
 
 ### Advanced Fields
 
-* `Err`: Takes an `error` and render it as a string using the `zerolog.ErrorFieldName` field name.
+* `Err`: Takes an `error` and renders it as a string using the `zlog.ErrorFieldName` field name.
-* `Timestamp`: Insert a timestamp field with `zerolog.TimestampFieldName` field name and formatted using `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`.
+* `Func`: Run a `func` only if the level is enabled.
-* `Time`: Adds a field with the time formated with the `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`.
+* `Timestamp`: Inserts a timestamp field with `zlog.TimestampFieldName` field name, formatted using `zlog.TimeFieldFormat`.
-* `Dur`: Adds a field with a `time.Duration`.
+* `Time`: Adds a field with time formatted with `zlog.TimeFieldFormat`.
+* `Dur`: Adds a field with `time.Duration`.
 * `Dict`: Adds a sub-key/value as a field of the event.
+* `RawJSON`: Adds a field with an already encoded JSON (`[]byte`)
+* `Hex`: Adds a field with value formatted as a hexadecimal string (`[]byte`)
 * `Interface`: Uses reflection to marshal the type.
 
+Most fields are also available in the slice format (`Strs` for `[]string`, `Errs` for `[]error` etc.)
+
 ## Binary Encoding
 
-In addition to the default JSON encoding, `zerolog` can produce binary logs using [CBOR](http://cbor.io) encoding. The choice of encoding can be decided at compile time using the build tag `binary_log` as follows:
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+In addition to the default JSON encoding, `zlog` can produce binary logs using [CBOR](http://cbor.io) encoding. The choice of encoding can be decided at compile time using the build tag `binary_log` as follows:
+=======
+In addition to the default JSON encoding, `zerolog` can produce binary logs using [CBOR](https://cbor.io) encoding. The choice of encoding can be decided at compile time using the build tag `binary_log` as follows:
+>>>>>>> github
 
 ```bash
 go build -tags binary_log .
 ```
 
 To Decode binary encoded log files you can use any CBOR decoder. One has been tested to work
-with zerolog library is [CSD](https://github.com/toravir/csd/).
+with zlog library is [CSD](https://github.com/toravir/csd/).
 
 ## Related Projects
 
-* [grpc-zerolog](https://github.com/cheapRoc/grpc-zerolog): Implementation of `grpclog.LoggerV2` interface using `zerolog`
+* [grpc-zlog](https://github.com/cheapRoc/grpc-zlog): Implementation of `grpclog.LoggerV2` interface using `zlog`
+* [overlog](https://github.com/Trendyol/overlog): Implementation of `Mapped Diagnostic Context` interface using `zlog`
+* [zlogr](https://github.com/go-logr/zlogr): Implementation of `logr.LogSink` interface using `zlog`
 
 ## Benchmarks
 
+See [logbench](http://hackemist.com/logbench/) for more comprehensive and up-to-date benchmarks.
+
 All operations are allocation free (those numbers *include* JSON encoding):
 
 ```text
@@ -502,7 +688,7 @@ BenchmarkContextFields-8   30000000     44.9 ns/op     0 B/op       0 allocs/op
 BenchmarkLogFields-8       10000000     184 ns/op      0 B/op       0 allocs/op
 ```
 
-There are a few Go logging benchmarks and comparisons that include zerolog.
+There are a few Go logging benchmarks and comparisons that include zlog.
 
 * [imkira/go-loggers-bench](https://github.com/imkira/go-loggers-bench)
 * [uber-common/zap](https://github.com/uber-go/zap#performance)
@@ -513,7 +699,7 @@ Log a message and 10 fields:
 
 | Library | Time | Bytes Allocated | Objects Allocated |
 | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
-| zerolog | 767 ns/op | 552 B/op | 6 allocs/op |
+| zlog | 767 ns/op | 552 B/op | 6 allocs/op |
 | :zap: zap | 848 ns/op | 704 B/op | 2 allocs/op |
 | :zap: zap (sugared) | 1363 ns/op | 1610 B/op | 20 allocs/op |
 | go-kit | 3614 ns/op | 2895 B/op | 66 allocs/op |
@@ -526,7 +712,7 @@ Log a message with a logger that already has 10 fields of context:
 
 | Library | Time | Bytes Allocated | Objects Allocated |
 | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
-| zerolog | 52 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
+| zlog | 52 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
 | :zap: zap | 283 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
 | :zap: zap (sugared) | 337 ns/op | 80 B/op | 2 allocs/op |
 | lion | 2702 ns/op | 4074 B/op | 38 allocs/op |
@@ -539,7 +725,7 @@ Log a static string, without any context or `printf`-style templating:
 
 | Library | Time | Bytes Allocated | Objects Allocated |
 | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
-| zerolog | 50 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
+| zlog | 50 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
 | :zap: zap | 236 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
 | standard library | 453 ns/op | 80 B/op | 2 allocs/op |
 | :zap: zap (sugared) | 337 ns/op | 80 B/op | 2 allocs/op |
@@ -551,14 +737,14 @@ Log a static string, without any context or `printf`-style templating:
 
 ## Caveats
 
-Note that zerolog does de-duplication fields. Using the same key multiple times creates multiple keys in final JSON:
+Note that zlog does no de-duplication of fields. Using the same key multiple times creates multiple keys in final JSON:
 
 ```go
-logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
+logger := zlog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
 logger.Info().
        Timestamp().
        Msg("dup")
 // Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"time":1494567715,"message":"dup"}
 ```
 
-However, it’s not a big deal as JSON accepts dup keys; the last one prevails.
+In this case, many consumers will take the last value, but this is not guaranteed; check yours if in doubt.

_config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+remote_theme: rs/gh-readme

array.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"net"
@@ -20,6 +20,20 @@ type Array struct {
 	buf []byte
 }
 
+func putArray(a *Array) {
+	// Proper usage of a sync.Pool requires each entry to have approximately
+	// the same memory cost. To obtain this property when the stored type
+	// contains a variably-sized buffer, we add a hard limit on the maximum buffer
+	// to place back in the pool.
+	//
+	// See https://golang.org/issue/23199
+	const maxSize = 1 << 16 // 64KiB
+	if cap(a.buf) > maxSize {
+		return
+	}
+	arrayPool.Put(a)
+}
+
 // Arr creates an array to be added to an Event or Context.
 func Arr() *Array {
 	a := arrayPool.Get().(*Array)
@@ -35,54 +49,63 @@ func (*Array) MarshalZerologArray(*Array) {
 func (a *Array) write(dst []byte) []byte {
 	dst = enc.AppendArrayStart(dst)
 	if len(a.buf) > 0 {
-		dst = append(append(dst, a.buf...))
+		dst = append(dst, a.buf...)
 	}
 	dst = enc.AppendArrayEnd(dst)
-	arrayPool.Put(a)
+	putArray(a)
 	return dst
 }
 
 // Object marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler
-// interface and append append it to the array.
+// interface and appends it to the array.
 func (a *Array) Object(obj LogObjectMarshaler) *Array {
 	e := Dict()
 	obj.MarshalZerologObject(e)
 	e.buf = enc.AppendEndMarker(e.buf)
 	a.buf = append(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), e.buf...)
-	eventPool.Put(e)
+	putEvent(e)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Str append append the val as a string to the array.
+// Str appends the val as a string to the array.
 func (a *Array) Str(val string) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), val)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Bytes append append the val as a string to the array.
+// Bytes appends the val as a string to the array.
 func (a *Array) Bytes(val []byte) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendBytes(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), val)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Hex append append the val as a hex string to the array.
+// Hex appends the val as a hex string to the array.
 func (a *Array) Hex(val []byte) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendHex(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), val)
 	return a
 }
 
+// RawJSON adds already encoded JSON to the array.
+func (a *Array) RawJSON(val []byte) *Array {
+	a.buf = appendJSON(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), val)
+	return a
+}
+
 // Err serializes and appends the err to the array.
 func (a *Array) Err(err error) *Array {
-	marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+	switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
-	switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 	case LogObjectMarshaler:
 		e := newEvent(nil, 0)
 		e.buf = e.buf[:0]
 		e.appendObject(m)
 		a.buf = append(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), e.buf...)
-		eventPool.Put(e)
+		putEvent(e)
 	case error:
+		if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
+			a.buf = enc.AppendNil(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf))
+		} else {
 			a.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), m.Error())
+		}
 	case string:
 		a.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), m)
 	default:
@@ -92,97 +115,97 @@ func (a *Array) Err(err error) *Array {
 	return a
 }
 
-// Bool append append the val as a bool to the array.
+// Bool appends the val as a bool to the array.
 func (a *Array) Bool(b bool) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendBool(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), b)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Int append append i as a int to the array.
+// Int appends i as a int to the array.
 func (a *Array) Int(i int) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendInt(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Int8 append append i as a int8 to the array.
+// Int8 appends i as a int8 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Int8(i int8) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendInt8(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Int16 append append i as a int16 to the array.
+// Int16 appends i as a int16 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Int16(i int16) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendInt16(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Int32 append append i as a int32 to the array.
+// Int32 appends i as a int32 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Int32(i int32) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendInt32(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Int64 append append i as a int64 to the array.
+// Int64 appends i as a int64 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Int64(i int64) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendInt64(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Uint append append i as a uint to the array.
+// Uint appends i as a uint to the array.
 func (a *Array) Uint(i uint) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendUint(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Uint8 append append i as a uint8 to the array.
+// Uint8 appends i as a uint8 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Uint8(i uint8) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendUint8(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Uint16 append append i as a uint16 to the array.
+// Uint16 appends i as a uint16 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Uint16(i uint16) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendUint16(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Uint32 append append i as a uint32 to the array.
+// Uint32 appends i as a uint32 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Uint32(i uint32) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendUint32(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Uint64 append append i as a uint64 to the array.
+// Uint64 appends i as a uint64 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Uint64(i uint64) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendUint64(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), i)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Float32 append append f as a float32 to the array.
+// Float32 appends f as a float32 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Float32(f float32) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendFloat32(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), f)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Float64 append append f as a float64 to the array.
+// Float64 appends f as a float64 to the array.
 func (a *Array) Float64(f float64) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendFloat64(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), f)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Time append append t formated as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.
+// Time appends t formatted as string using zlog.TimeFieldFormat.
 func (a *Array) Time(t time.Time) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendTime(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), t, TimeFieldFormat)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Dur append append d to the array.
+// Dur appends d to the array.
 func (a *Array) Dur(d time.Duration) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendDuration(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), d, DurationFieldUnit, DurationFieldInteger)
 	return a
 }
 
-// Interface append append i marshaled using reflection.
+// Interface appends i marshaled using reflection.
 func (a *Array) Interface(i interface{}) *Array {
 	if obj, ok := i.(LogObjectMarshaler); ok {
 		return a.Object(obj)
@@ -208,3 +231,10 @@ func (a *Array) MACAddr(ha net.HardwareAddr) *Array {
 	a.buf = enc.AppendMACAddr(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), ha)
 	return a
 }
+
+// Dict adds the dict Event to the array
+func (a *Array) Dict(dict *Event) *Array {
+	dict.buf = enc.AppendEndMarker(dict.buf)
+	a.buf = append(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), dict.buf...)
+	return a
+}

array_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"net"
@@ -24,10 +24,15 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		Str("a").
 		Bytes([]byte("b")).
 		Hex([]byte{0x1f}).
+		RawJSON([]byte(`{"some":"json"}`)).
 		Time(time.Time{}).
 		IPAddr(net.IP{192, 168, 0, 10}).
-		Dur(0)
+		Dur(0).
-	want := `[true,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11.98122,12.987654321,"a","b","1f","0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","192.168.0.10",0]`
+		Dict(Dict().
+			Str("bar", "baz").
+			Int("n", 1),
+		)
+	want := `[true,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11.98122,12.987654321,"a","b","1f",{"some":"json"},"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","192.168.0.10",0,{"bar":"baz","n":1}]`
 	if got := decodeObjectToStr(a.write([]byte{})); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("Array.write()\ngot:  %s\nwant: %s", got, want)
 	}

benchmark_test.go

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"net"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -147,16 +148,16 @@ func BenchmarkLogFieldType(b *testing.B) {
 		{"a", "a", 0},
 	}
 	objects := []obj{
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
 	}
 	errs := []error{errors.New("a"), errors.New("b"), errors.New("c"), errors.New("d"), errors.New("e")}
 	types := map[string]func(e *Event) *Event{
@@ -234,12 +235,13 @@ func BenchmarkLogFieldType(b *testing.B) {
 
 func BenchmarkContextFieldType(b *testing.B) {
 	oldFormat := TimeFieldFormat
-	TimeFieldFormat = ""
+	TimeFieldFormat = TimeFormatUnix
 	defer func() { TimeFieldFormat = oldFormat }()
 	bools := []bool{true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false}
 	ints := []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 	floats := []float64{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 	strings := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j"}
+	stringer := net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}
 	durations := []time.Duration{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 	times := []time.Time{
 		time.Unix(0, 0),
@@ -270,16 +272,16 @@ func BenchmarkContextFieldType(b *testing.B) {
 		{"a", "a", 0},
 	}
 	objects := []obj{
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
-		obj{"a", "a", 0},
+		{"a", "a", 0},
 	}
 	errs := []error{errors.New("a"), errors.New("b"), errors.New("c"), errors.New("d"), errors.New("e")}
 	types := map[string]func(c Context) Context{
@@ -307,6 +309,9 @@ func BenchmarkContextFieldType(b *testing.B) {
 		"Strs": func(c Context) Context {
 			return c.Strs("k", strings)
 		},
+		"Stringer": func(c Context) Context {
+			return c.Stringer("k", stringer)
+		},
 		"Err": func(c Context) Context {
 			return c.Err(errs[0])
 		},

binary_test.go

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // +build binary_log
 
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+
 	//	"io/ioutil"
 	stdlog "log"
 	"time"
@@ -54,8 +55,8 @@ func ExampleLogger_Sample() {
 	log.Info().Msg("message 4")
 
 	fmt.Println(decodeIfBinaryToString(dst.Bytes()))
-	// Output: {"level":"info","message":"message 2"}
+	// Output: {"level":"info","message":"message 1"}
-	// {"level":"info","message":"message 4"}
+	// {"level":"info","message":"message 3"}
 }
 
 type LevelNameHook1 struct{}
@@ -107,6 +108,19 @@ func ExampleLogger_Printf() {
 	// Output: {"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}
 }
 
+func ExampleLogger_Trace() {
+	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(&dst)
+
+	log.Trace().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Int("n", 123).
+		Msg("hello world")
+
+	fmt.Println(decodeIfBinaryToString(dst.Bytes()))
+	// Output: {"level":"trace","foo":"bar","n":123,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
 func ExampleLogger_Debug() {
 	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
 	log := New(&dst)
@@ -350,6 +364,42 @@ func ExampleEvent_Durs() {
 	// Output: {"foo":"bar","durs":[10000,20000],"message":"hello world"}
 }
 
+func ExampleEvent_Fields_map() {
+	fields := map[string]interface{}{
+		"bar": "baz",
+		"n":   1,
+	}
+
+	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(&dst)
+
+	log.Log().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Fields(fields).
+		Msg("hello world")
+
+	fmt.Println(decodeIfBinaryToString(dst.Bytes()))
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
+func ExampleEvent_Fields_slice() {
+	fields := []interface{}{
+		"bar", "baz",
+		"n", 1,
+	}
+
+	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(&dst)
+
+	log.Log().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Fields(fields).
+		Msg("hello world")
+
+	fmt.Println(decodeIfBinaryToString(dst.Bytes()))
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
 func ExampleContext_Dict() {
 	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
 	log := New(&dst).With().
@@ -496,3 +546,39 @@ func ExampleContext_Durs() {
 	fmt.Println(decodeIfBinaryToString(dst.Bytes()))
 	// Output: {"foo":"bar","durs":[10000,20000],"message":"hello world"}
 }
+
+func ExampleContext_Fields_map() {
+	fields := map[string]interface{}{
+		"bar": "baz",
+		"n":   1,
+	}
+
+	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(&dst).With().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Fields(fields).
+		Logger()
+
+	log.Log().Msg("hello world")
+
+	fmt.Println(decodeIfBinaryToString(dst.Bytes()))
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
+func ExampleContext_Fields_slice() {
+	fields := []interface{}{
+		"bar", "baz",
+		"n", 1,
+	}
+
+	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(&dst).With().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Fields(fields).
+		Logger()
+
+	log.Log().Msg("hello world")
+
+	fmt.Println(decodeIfBinaryToString(dst.Bytes()))
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
+}

cmd/lint/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Zerolog Lint
+
+This is a basic linter that checks for missing log event finishers. Finds errors like: `log.Error().Int64("userID": 5)` - missing the `Msg`/`Msgf` finishers.
+
+## Problem
+
+When using zlog it's easy to forget to finish the log event chain by calling a finisher - the `Msg` or `Msgf` function that will schedule the event for writing. The problem with this is that it doesn't warn/panic during compilation and it's not easily found by grep or other general tools. It's even prominently mentioned in the project's readme, that:
+
+> It is very important to note that when using the **zlog** chaining API, as shown above (`log.Info().Msg("hello world"`), the chain must have either the `Msg` or `Msgf` method call. If you forget to add either of these, the log will not occur and there is no compile time error to alert you of this.
+
+## Solution
+
+A basic linter like this one here that looks for method invocations on `zlog.Event` can examine the last call in a method call chain and check if it is a finisher, thus pointing out these errors.
+
+## Usage
+
+Just compile this and then run it. Or just run it via `go run` command via something like `go run cmd/lint/lint.go`.
+
+The command accepts only one argument - the package to be inspected - and 4 optional flags, all of which can occur multiple times. The standard synopsis of the command is:
+
+`lint [-finisher value] [-ignoreFile value] [-ignorePkg value] [-ignorePkgRecursively value] package`
+
+#### Flags
+
+- finisher
+    - specify which finishers to accept, defaults to `Msg` and `Msgf`
+- ignoreFile
+    - which files to ignore, either by full path or by go path (package/file.go)
+- ignorePkg
+    - do not inspect the specified package if found in the dependency tree
+- ignorePkgRecursively
+    - do not inspect the specified package or its subpackages if found in the dependency tree
+
+## Drawbacks
+
+As it is, linter can generate a false positives in a specific case. These false positives come from the fact that if you have a method that returns a `zlog.Event` the linter will flag it because you are obviously not finishing the event. This will be solved in later release.
+

cmd/lint/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module tuxpa.in/a/zlog/cmd/lint
+
+go 1.15
+
+require golang.org/x/tools v0.1.8

cmd/lint/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.1/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1Zlc8k=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.5.1 h1:OJxoQ/rynoF0dcCdI7cLPktw/hR2cueqYfjm43oqK38=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.5.1/go.mod h1:5OXOZSfqPIIbmVBIIKWRFfZjPR0E5r58TLhUjH0a2Ro=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211015210444-4f30a5c0130f/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211019181941-9d821ace8654 h1:id054HUawV2/6IGm2IV8KZQjqtwAOo2CYlOToYqa0d0=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211019181941-9d821ace8654/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.1.8 h1:P1HhGGuLW4aAclzjtmJdf0mJOjVUZUzOTqkAkWL+l6w=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.1.8/go.mod h1:nABZi5QlRsZVlzPpHl034qft6wpY4eDcsTt5AaioBiU=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 h1:go1bK/D/BFZV2I8cIQd1NKEZ+0owSTG1fDTci4IqFcE=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=

cmd/lint/lint.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"go/ast"
+	"go/token"
+	"go/types"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/tools/go/loader"
+)
+
+var (
+	recursivelyIgnoredPkgs arrayFlag
+	ignoredPkgs            arrayFlag
+	ignoredFiles           arrayFlag
+	allowedFinishers       arrayFlag = []string{"Msg", "Msgf"}
+	rootPkg                string
+)
+
+// parse input flags and args
+func init() {
+	flag.Var(&recursivelyIgnoredPkgs, "ignorePkgRecursively", "ignore the specified package and all subpackages recursively")
+	flag.Var(&ignoredPkgs, "ignorePkg", "ignore the specified package")
+	flag.Var(&ignoredFiles, "ignoreFile", "ignore the specified file by its path and/or go path (package/file.go)")
+	flag.Var(&allowedFinishers, "finisher", "allowed finisher for the event chain")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	// add zlog to recursively ignored packages
+	recursivelyIgnoredPkgs = append(recursivelyIgnoredPkgs, "tuxpa.in/a/zlog")
+	args := flag.Args()
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "you must provide exactly one package path")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	rootPkg = args[0]
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// load the package and all its dependencies
+	conf := loader.Config{}
+	conf.Import(rootPkg)
+	p, err := conf.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: unable to load the root package. %s\n", err.Error())
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	// get the tuxpa.in/a/zlog.Event type
+	event := getEvent(p)
+	if event == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Error: tuxpa.in/a/zlog.Event declaration not found, maybe zlog is not imported in the scanned package?")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	// get all selections (function calls) with the tuxpa.in/a/zlog.Event (or pointer) receiver
+	selections := getSelectionsWithReceiverType(p, event)
+
+	// print the violations (if any)
+	hasViolations := false
+	for _, s := range selections {
+		if hasBadFinisher(p, s) {
+			hasViolations = true
+			fmt.Printf("Error: missing or bad finisher for log chain, last call: %q at: %s:%v\n", s.fn.Name(), p.Fset.File(s.Pos()).Name(), p.Fset.Position(s.Pos()).Line)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// if no violations detected, return normally
+	if !hasViolations {
+		fmt.Println("No violations found")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// if violations were detected, return error code
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
+
+func getEvent(p *loader.Program) types.Type {
+	for _, pkg := range p.AllPackages {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(pkg.Pkg.Path(), "tuxpa.in/a/zlog") {
+			for _, d := range pkg.Defs {
+				if d != nil && d.Name() == "Event" {
+					return d.Type()
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getSelectionsWithReceiverType(p *loader.Program, targetType types.Type) map[token.Pos]selection {
+	selections := map[token.Pos]selection{}
+
+	for _, z := range p.AllPackages {
+		for i, t := range z.Selections {
+			switch o := t.Obj().(type) {
+			case *types.Func:
+				// this is not a bug, o.Type() is always *types.Signature, see docs
+				if vt := o.Type().(*types.Signature).Recv(); vt != nil {
+					typ := vt.Type()
+					if pointer, ok := typ.(*types.Pointer); ok {
+						typ = pointer.Elem()
+					}
+
+					if typ == targetType {
+						if s, ok := selections[i.Pos()]; !ok || i.End() > s.End() {
+							selections[i.Pos()] = selection{i, o, z.Pkg}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			default:
+				// skip
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return selections
+}
+
+func hasBadFinisher(p *loader.Program, s selection) bool {
+	pkgPath := strings.TrimPrefix(s.pkg.Path(), rootPkg+"/vendor/")
+	absoluteFilePath := strings.TrimPrefix(p.Fset.File(s.Pos()).Name(), rootPkg+"/vendor/")
+	goFilePath := pkgPath + "/" + filepath.Base(p.Fset.Position(s.Pos()).Filename)
+
+	for _, f := range allowedFinishers {
+		if f == s.fn.Name() {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, ignoredPkg := range recursivelyIgnoredPkgs {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(pkgPath, ignoredPkg) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, ignoredPkg := range ignoredPkgs {
+		if pkgPath == ignoredPkg {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, ignoredFile := range ignoredFiles {
+		if absoluteFilePath == ignoredFile {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		if goFilePath == ignoredFile {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+type arrayFlag []string
+
+func (i *arrayFlag) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", []string(*i))
+}
+
+func (i *arrayFlag) Set(value string) error {
+	*i = append(*i, value)
+	return nil
+}
+
+type selection struct {
+	*ast.SelectorExpr
+	fn  *types.Func
+	pkg *types.Package
+}

cmd/prettylog/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Zerolog PrettyLog
+
+This is a basic CLI utility that will colorize and pretty print your structured JSON logs.
+
+## Usage
+
+You can compile it or run it directly. The only issue is that by default Zerolog does not output to `stdout`
+but rather to `stderr` so we must pipe `stderr` stream to this CLI tool.
+
+### Linux
+
+These commands will redirect `stderr` to our `prettylog` tool and `stdout` will remain unaffected.
+
+1. Compiled version
+
+```shell
+some_program_with_zerolog 2> >(prettylog)
+```
+
+2. Run it directly with `go run`
+
+```shell
+some_program_with_zerolog 2> >(go run cmd/prettylog/prettylog.go)
+```
+
+### Windows
+
+These commands will redirect `stderr` to `stdout` and then pipe it to our `prettylog` tool.
+
+1. Compiled version
+
+```shell
+some_program_with_zerolog 2>&1 | prettylog
+```
+
+2. Run it directly with `go run`
+
+```shell
+some_program_with_zerolog 2>&1 | go run cmd/prettylog/prettylog.go
+```

cmd/prettylog/prettylog.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
+)
+
+func isInputFromPipe() bool {
+	fileInfo, _ := os.Stdin.Stat()
+	return fileInfo.Mode()&os.ModeCharDevice == 0
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if !isInputFromPipe() {
+		fmt.Println("The command is intended to work with pipes.")
+		fmt.Println("Usage: app_with_zerolog |  2> >(prettylog)")
+		os.Exit(1)
+		return
+	}
+
+	writer := zlog.NewConsoleWriter()
+	_, _ = io.Copy(writer, os.Stdin)
+}

console.go

@@ -1,134 +1,306 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
 )
 
 const (
-	cReset    = 0
+	colorBlack = iota + 30
-	cBold     = 1
+	colorRed
-	cRed      = 31
+	colorGreen
-	cGreen    = 32
+	colorYellow
-	cYellow   = 33
+	colorBlue
-	cBlue     = 34
+	colorMagenta
-	cMagenta  = 35
+	colorCyan
-	cCyan     = 36
+	colorWhite
-	cGray     = 37
+
-	cDarkGray = 90
+	colorBold     = 1
+	colorDarkGray = 90
 )
 
-var consoleBufPool = sync.Pool{
+var (
+	consoleBufPool = sync.Pool{
 		New: func() interface{} {
 			return bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, 100))
 		},
-}
+	}
+)
 
-// ConsoleWriter reads a JSON object per write operation and output an
+const (
-// optionally colored human readable version on the Out writer.
+	consoleDefaultTimeFormat = time.Kitchen
+)
+
+// Formatter transforms the input into a formatted string.
+type Formatter func(interface{}) string
+
+// ConsoleWriter parses the JSON input and writes it in an
+// (optionally) colorized, human-friendly format to Out.
 type ConsoleWriter struct {
+	// Out is the output destination.
 	Out io.Writer
+
+	// NoColor disables the colorized output.
 	NoColor bool
+
+	// TimeFormat specifies the format for timestamp in output.
+	TimeFormat string
+
+	// PartsOrder defines the order of parts in output.
+	PartsOrder []string
+
+	// PartsExclude defines parts to not display in output.
+	PartsExclude []string
+
+	// FieldsExclude defines contextual fields to not display in output.
+	FieldsExclude []string
+
+	FormatTimestamp     Formatter
+	FormatLevel         Formatter
+	FormatCaller        Formatter
+	FormatMessage       Formatter
+	FormatFieldName     Formatter
+	FormatFieldValue    Formatter
+	FormatErrFieldName  Formatter
+	FormatErrFieldValue Formatter
+
+	FormatExtra func(map[string]interface{}, *bytes.Buffer) error
 }
 
+// NewConsoleWriter creates and initializes a new ConsoleWriter.
+func NewConsoleWriter(options ...func(w *ConsoleWriter)) ConsoleWriter {
+	w := ConsoleWriter{
+		Out:        os.Stdout,
+		TimeFormat: consoleDefaultTimeFormat,
+		PartsOrder: consoleDefaultPartsOrder(),
+	}
+
+	for _, opt := range options {
+		opt(&w)
+	}
+
+	// Fix color on Windows
+	if w.Out == os.Stdout || w.Out == os.Stderr {
+		w.Out = colorable.NewColorable(w.Out.(*os.File))
+	}
+
+	return w
+}
+
+// Write transforms the JSON input with formatters and appends to w.Out.
 func (w ConsoleWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	var event map[string]interface{}
+	// Fix color on Windows
+	if w.Out == os.Stdout || w.Out == os.Stderr {
+		w.Out = colorable.NewColorable(w.Out.(*os.File))
+	}
+
+	if w.PartsOrder == nil {
+		w.PartsOrder = consoleDefaultPartsOrder()
+	}
+
+	var buf = consoleBufPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
+	defer func() {
+		buf.Reset()
+		consoleBufPool.Put(buf)
+	}()
+
+	var evt map[string]interface{}
 	p = decodeIfBinaryToBytes(p)
 	d := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(p))
 	d.UseNumber()
-	err = d.Decode(&event)
+	err = d.Decode(&evt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return
+		return n, fmt.Errorf("cannot decode event: %s", err)
 	}
-	buf := consoleBufPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
+
-	defer consoleBufPool.Put(buf)
+	for _, p := range w.PartsOrder {
-	lvlColor := cReset
+		w.writePart(buf, evt, p)
-	level := "????"
-	if l, ok := event[LevelFieldName].(string); ok {
-		if !w.NoColor {
-			lvlColor = levelColor(l)
 	}
-		level = strings.ToUpper(l)[0:4]
+
+	w.writeFields(evt, buf)
+
+	if w.FormatExtra != nil {
+		err = w.FormatExtra(evt, buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return n, err
 		}
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s |%s| %s",
+	}
-		colorize(formatTime(event[TimestampFieldName]), cDarkGray, !w.NoColor),
+
-		colorize(level, lvlColor, !w.NoColor),
+	err = buf.WriteByte('\n')
-		colorize(event[MessageFieldName], cReset, !w.NoColor))
+	if err != nil {
-	fields := make([]string, 0, len(event))
+		return n, err
-	for field := range event {
+	}
+
+	_, err = buf.WriteTo(w.Out)
+	return len(p), err
+}
+
+// writeFields appends formatted key-value pairs to buf.
+func (w ConsoleWriter) writeFields(evt map[string]interface{}, buf *bytes.Buffer) {
+	var fields = make([]string, 0, len(evt))
+	for field := range evt {
+		var isExcluded bool
+		for _, excluded := range w.FieldsExclude {
+			if field == excluded {
+				isExcluded = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if isExcluded {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		switch field {
-		case LevelFieldName, TimestampFieldName, MessageFieldName:
+		case LevelFieldName, TimestampFieldName, MessageFieldName, CallerFieldName:
 			continue
 		}
 		fields = append(fields, field)
 	}
 	sort.Strings(fields)
+
+	// Write space only if something has already been written to the buffer, and if there are fields.
+	if buf.Len() > 0 && len(fields) > 0 {
+		buf.WriteByte(' ')
+	}
+
+	// Move the "error" field to the front
+	ei := sort.Search(len(fields), func(i int) bool { return fields[i] >= ErrorFieldName })
+	if ei < len(fields) && fields[ei] == ErrorFieldName {
+		fields[ei] = ""
+		fields = append([]string{ErrorFieldName}, fields...)
+		var xfields = make([]string, 0, len(fields))
 		for _, field := range fields {
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, " %s=", colorize(field, cCyan, !w.NoColor))
+			if field == "" { // Skip empty fields
-		switch value := event[field].(type) {
+				continue
-		case string:
+			}
-			if needsQuote(value) {
+			xfields = append(xfields, field)
-				buf.WriteString(strconv.Quote(value))
+		}
+		fields = xfields
+	}
+
+	for i, field := range fields {
+		var fn Formatter
+		var fv Formatter
+
+		if field == ErrorFieldName {
+			if w.FormatErrFieldName == nil {
+				fn = consoleDefaultFormatErrFieldName(w.NoColor)
 			} else {
-				buf.WriteString(value)
+				fn = w.FormatErrFieldName
+			}
+
+			if w.FormatErrFieldValue == nil {
+				fv = consoleDefaultFormatErrFieldValue(w.NoColor)
+			} else {
+				fv = w.FormatErrFieldValue
+			}
+		} else {
+			if w.FormatFieldName == nil {
+				fn = consoleDefaultFormatFieldName(w.NoColor)
+			} else {
+				fn = w.FormatFieldName
+			}
+
+			if w.FormatFieldValue == nil {
+				fv = consoleDefaultFormatFieldValue
+			} else {
+				fv = w.FormatFieldValue
+			}
+		}
+
+		buf.WriteString(fn(field))
+
+		switch fValue := evt[field].(type) {
+		case string:
+			if needsQuote(fValue) {
+				buf.WriteString(fv(strconv.Quote(fValue)))
+			} else {
+				buf.WriteString(fv(fValue))
 			}
 		case json.Number:
-			fmt.Fprint(buf, value)
+			buf.WriteString(fv(fValue))
 		default:
-			b, err := json.Marshal(value)
+			b, err := InterfaceMarshalFunc(fValue)
 			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Fprintf(buf, "[error: %v]", err)
+				fmt.Fprintf(buf, colorize("[error: %v]", colorRed, w.NoColor), err)
 			} else {
-				fmt.Fprint(buf, string(b))
+				fmt.Fprint(buf, fv(b))
 			}
 		}
+
+		if i < len(fields)-1 { // Skip space for last field
+			buf.WriteByte(' ')
 		}
-	buf.WriteByte('\n')
+	}
-	buf.WriteTo(w.Out)
+}
-	n = len(p)
+
+// writePart appends a formatted part to buf.
+func (w ConsoleWriter) writePart(buf *bytes.Buffer, evt map[string]interface{}, p string) {
+	var f Formatter
+
+	if w.PartsExclude != nil && len(w.PartsExclude) > 0 {
+		for _, exclude := range w.PartsExclude {
+			if exclude == p {
 				return
-}
-
-func formatTime(t interface{}) string {
-	switch t := t.(type) {
-	case string:
-		return t
-	case json.Number:
-		u, _ := t.Int64()
-		return time.Unix(u, 0).Format(time.RFC3339)
 			}
-	return "<nil>"
-}
-
-func colorize(s interface{}, color int, enabled bool) string {
-	if !enabled {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%v", s)
 		}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("\x1b[%dm%v\x1b[0m", color, s)
+	}
-}
 
-func levelColor(level string) int {
+	switch p {
-	switch level {
+	case LevelFieldName:
-	case "debug":
+		if w.FormatLevel == nil {
-		return cMagenta
+			f = consoleDefaultFormatLevel(w.NoColor)
-	case "info":
+		} else {
-		return cGreen
+			f = w.FormatLevel
-	case "warn":
+		}
-		return cYellow
+	case TimestampFieldName:
-	case "error", "fatal", "panic":
+		if w.FormatTimestamp == nil {
-		return cRed
+			f = consoleDefaultFormatTimestamp(w.TimeFormat, w.NoColor)
+		} else {
+			f = w.FormatTimestamp
+		}
+	case MessageFieldName:
+		if w.FormatMessage == nil {
+			f = consoleDefaultFormatMessage
+		} else {
+			f = w.FormatMessage
+		}
+	case CallerFieldName:
+		if w.FormatCaller == nil {
+			f = consoleDefaultFormatCaller(w.NoColor)
+		} else {
+			f = w.FormatCaller
+		}
 	default:
-		return cReset
+		if w.FormatFieldValue == nil {
+			f = consoleDefaultFormatFieldValue
+		} else {
+			f = w.FormatFieldValue
+		}
+	}
+
+	var s = f(evt[p])
+
+	if len(s) > 0 {
+		if buf.Len() > 0 {
+			buf.WriteByte(' ') // Write space only if not the first part
+		}
+		buf.WriteString(s)
 	}
 }
 
+// needsQuote returns true when the string s should be quoted in output.
 func needsQuote(s string) bool {
 	for i := range s {
 		if s[i] < 0x20 || s[i] > 0x7e || s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\\' || s[i] == '"' {
@@ -137,3 +309,142 @@ func needsQuote(s string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+
+// colorize returns the string s wrapped in ANSI code c, unless disabled is true.
+func colorize(s interface{}, c int, disabled bool) string {
+	if disabled {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s", s)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("\x1b[%dm%v\x1b[0m", c, s)
+}
+
+// ----- DEFAULT FORMATTERS ---------------------------------------------------
+
+func consoleDefaultPartsOrder() []string {
+	return []string{
+		TimestampFieldName,
+		LevelFieldName,
+		CallerFieldName,
+		MessageFieldName,
+	}
+}
+
+func consoleDefaultFormatTimestamp(timeFormat string, noColor bool) Formatter {
+	if timeFormat == "" {
+		timeFormat = consoleDefaultTimeFormat
+	}
+	return func(i interface{}) string {
+		t := "<nil>"
+		switch tt := i.(type) {
+		case string:
+			ts, err := time.ParseInLocation(TimeFieldFormat, tt, time.Local)
+			if err != nil {
+				t = tt
+			} else {
+				t = ts.Local().Format(timeFormat)
+			}
+		case json.Number:
+			i, err := tt.Int64()
+			if err != nil {
+				t = tt.String()
+			} else {
+				var sec, nsec int64
+
+				switch TimeFieldFormat {
+				case TimeFormatUnixNano:
+					sec, nsec = 0, i
+				case TimeFormatUnixMicro:
+					sec, nsec = 0, int64(time.Duration(i)*time.Microsecond)
+				case TimeFormatUnixMs:
+					sec, nsec = 0, int64(time.Duration(i)*time.Millisecond)
+				default:
+					sec, nsec = i, 0
+				}
+
+				ts := time.Unix(sec, nsec)
+				t = ts.Format(timeFormat)
+			}
+		}
+		return colorize(t, colorDarkGray, noColor)
+	}
+}
+
+func consoleDefaultFormatLevel(noColor bool) Formatter {
+	return func(i interface{}) string {
+		var l string
+		if ll, ok := i.(string); ok {
+			switch ll {
+			case LevelTraceValue:
+				l = colorize("TRC", colorMagenta, noColor)
+			case LevelDebugValue:
+				l = colorize("DBG", colorYellow, noColor)
+			case LevelInfoValue:
+				l = colorize("INF", colorGreen, noColor)
+			case LevelWarnValue:
+				l = colorize("WRN", colorRed, noColor)
+			case LevelErrorValue:
+				l = colorize(colorize("ERR", colorRed, noColor), colorBold, noColor)
+			case LevelFatalValue:
+				l = colorize(colorize("FTL", colorRed, noColor), colorBold, noColor)
+			case LevelPanicValue:
+				l = colorize(colorize("PNC", colorRed, noColor), colorBold, noColor)
+			default:
+				l = colorize(ll, colorBold, noColor)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if i == nil {
+				l = colorize("???", colorBold, noColor)
+			} else {
+				l = strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s", i))[0:3]
+			}
+		}
+		return l
+	}
+}
+
+func consoleDefaultFormatCaller(noColor bool) Formatter {
+	return func(i interface{}) string {
+		var c string
+		if cc, ok := i.(string); ok {
+			c = cc
+		}
+		if len(c) > 0 {
+			if cwd, err := os.Getwd(); err == nil {
+				if rel, err := filepath.Rel(cwd, c); err == nil {
+					c = rel
+				}
+			}
+			c = colorize(c, colorBold, noColor) + colorize(" >", colorCyan, noColor)
+		}
+		return c
+	}
+}
+
+func consoleDefaultFormatMessage(i interface{}) string {
+	if i == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s", i)
+}
+
+func consoleDefaultFormatFieldName(noColor bool) Formatter {
+	return func(i interface{}) string {
+		return colorize(fmt.Sprintf("%s=", i), colorCyan, noColor)
+	}
+}
+
+func consoleDefaultFormatFieldValue(i interface{}) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s", i)
+}
+
+func consoleDefaultFormatErrFieldName(noColor bool) Formatter {
+	return func(i interface{}) string {
+		return colorize(fmt.Sprintf("%s=", i), colorCyan, noColor)
+	}
+}
+
+func consoleDefaultFormatErrFieldValue(noColor bool) Formatter {
+	return func(i interface{}) string {
+		return colorize(fmt.Sprintf("%s", i), colorRed, noColor)
+	}
+}

console_test.go

@@ -1,30 +1,440 @@
-package zerolog_test
+package zlog_test
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
 )
 
-func ExampleConsoleWriter_Write() {
+func ExampleConsoleWriter() {
-	log := zerolog.New(zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout, NoColor: true})
+	log := zlog.New(zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout, NoColor: true})
 
-	log.Info().Msg("hello world")
+	log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
-	// Output: <nil> |INFO| hello world
+	// Output: <nil> INF Hello World foo=bar
 }
 
-func TestConsoleWriterNumbers(t *testing.T) {
+func ExampleConsoleWriter_customFormatters() {
+	out := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout, NoColor: true}
+	out.FormatLevel = func(i interface{}) string { return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%-6s|", i)) }
+	out.FormatFieldName = func(i interface{}) string { return fmt.Sprintf("%s:", i) }
+	out.FormatFieldValue = func(i interface{}) string { return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s", i)) }
+	log := zlog.New(out)
+
+	log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
+	// Output: <nil> INFO  | Hello World foo:BAR
+}
+
+func ExampleNewConsoleWriter() {
+	out := zlog.NewConsoleWriter()
+	out.NoColor = true // For testing purposes only
+	log := zlog.New(out)
+
+	log.Debug().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
+	// Output: <nil> DBG Hello World foo=bar
+}
+
+func ExampleNewConsoleWriter_customFormatters() {
+	out := zlog.NewConsoleWriter(
+		func(w *zlog.ConsoleWriter) {
+			// Customize time format
+			w.TimeFormat = time.RFC822
+			// Customize level formatting
+			w.FormatLevel = func(i interface{}) string { return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("[%-5s]", i)) }
+		},
+	)
+	out.NoColor = true // For testing purposes only
+
+	log := zlog.New(out)
+
+	log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
+	// Output: <nil> [INFO ] Hello World foo=bar
+}
+
+func TestConsoleLogger(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Numbers", func(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	log := zerolog.New(zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true})
+		log := zlog.New(zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true})
 		log.Info().
 			Float64("float", 1.23).
 			Uint64("small", 123).
 			Uint64("big", 1152921504606846976).
 			Msg("msg")
-	if got, want := strings.TrimSpace(buf.String()), "<nil> |INFO| msg big=1152921504606846976 float=1.23 small=123"; got != want {
+		if got, want := strings.TrimSpace(buf.String()), "<nil> INF msg big=1152921504606846976 float=1.23 small=123"; got != want {
 			t.Errorf("\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", got, want)
 		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestConsoleWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Default field formatter", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, PartsOrder: []string{"foo"}}
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"foo": "DEFAULT"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "DEFAULT foo=DEFAULT\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Write colorized", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: false}
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"level": "warn", "message": "Foobar"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "\x1b[90m<nil>\x1b[0m \x1b[31mWRN\x1b[0m Foobar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Write fields", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}
+
+		ts := time.Unix(0, 0)
+		d := ts.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := ts.Format(time.Kitchen) + " DBG Foobar foo=bar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Unix timestamp input format", func(t *testing.T) {
+		of := zlog.TimeFieldFormat
+		defer func() {
+			zlog.TimeFieldFormat = of
+		}()
+		zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnix
+
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, TimeFormat: time.StampMilli, NoColor: true}
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time": 1234, "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := time.Unix(1234, 0).Format(time.StampMilli) + " DBG Foobar foo=bar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Unix timestamp ms input format", func(t *testing.T) {
+		of := zlog.TimeFieldFormat
+		defer func() {
+			zlog.TimeFieldFormat = of
+		}()
+		zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnixMs
+
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, TimeFormat: time.StampMilli, NoColor: true}
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time": 1234567, "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := time.Unix(1234, 567000000).Format(time.StampMilli) + " DBG Foobar foo=bar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Unix timestamp us input format", func(t *testing.T) {
+		of := zlog.TimeFieldFormat
+		defer func() {
+			zlog.TimeFieldFormat = of
+		}()
+		zlog.TimeFieldFormat = zlog.TimeFormatUnixMicro
+
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, TimeFormat: time.StampMicro, NoColor: true}
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time": 1234567891, "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := time.Unix(1234, 567891000).Format(time.StampMicro) + " DBG Foobar foo=bar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("No message field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"level": "debug", "foo": "bar"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "<nil> DBG foo=bar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("No level field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "<nil> ??? Foobar foo=bar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Write colorized fields", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: false}
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"level": "warn", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "\x1b[90m<nil>\x1b[0m \x1b[31mWRN\x1b[0m Foobar \x1b[36mfoo=\x1b[0mbar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Write error field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}
+
+		ts := time.Unix(0, 0)
+		d := ts.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		evt := `{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "error", "message": "Foobar", "aaa": "bbb", "error": "Error"}`
+		// t.Log(evt)
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := ts.Format(time.Kitchen) + " ERR Foobar error=Error aaa=bbb\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Write caller field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}
+
+		cwd, err := os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Cannot get working directory: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		ts := time.Unix(0, 0)
+		d := ts.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		evt := `{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar", "caller": "` + cwd + `/foo/bar.go"}`
+		// t.Log(evt)
+
+		_, err = w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := ts.Format(time.Kitchen) + " DBG foo/bar.go > Foobar foo=bar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Write JSON field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}
+
+		evt := `{"level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": [1, 2, 3], "bar": true}`
+		// t.Log(evt)
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "<nil> DBG Foobar bar=true foo=[1,2,3]\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestConsoleWriterConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Sets TimeFormat", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, TimeFormat: time.RFC3339}
+
+		ts := time.Unix(0, 0)
+		d := ts.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		evt := `{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "info", "message": "Foobar"}`
+
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := ts.Format(time.RFC3339) + " INF Foobar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Sets PartsOrder", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, PartsOrder: []string{"message", "level"}}
+
+		evt := `{"level": "info", "message": "Foobar"}`
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "Foobar INF\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Sets PartsExclude", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, PartsExclude: []string{"time"}}
+
+		d := time.Unix(0, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		evt := `{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "info", "message": "Foobar"}`
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "INF Foobar\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Sets FieldsExclude", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, FieldsExclude: []string{"foo"}}
+
+		evt := `{"level": "info", "message": "Foobar", "foo":"bar", "baz":"quux"}`
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "<nil> INF Foobar baz=quux\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Sets FormatExtra", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{
+			Out: buf, NoColor: true, PartsOrder: []string{"level", "message"},
+			FormatExtra: func(evt map[string]interface{}, buf *bytes.Buffer) error {
+				buf.WriteString("\nAdditional stacktrace")
+				return nil
+			},
+		}
+
+		evt := `{"level": "info", "message": "Foobar"}`
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		expectedOutput := "INF Foobar\nAdditional stacktrace\n"
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Uses local time for console writer without time zone", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Regression test for issue #483 (check there for more details)
+
+		timeFormat := "2006-01-02 15:04:05"
+		expectedOutput := "2022-10-20 20:24:50 INF Foobar\n"
+		evt := `{"time": "2022-10-20 20:24:50", "level": "info", "message": "Foobar"}`
+
+		of := zlog.TimeFieldFormat
+		defer func() {
+			zlog.TimeFieldFormat = of
+		}()
+		zlog.TimeFieldFormat = timeFormat
+
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, TimeFormat: timeFormat}
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		actualOutput := buf.String()
+		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkConsoleWriter(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	var msg = []byte(`{"level": "info", "foo": "bar", "message": "HELLO", "time": "1990-01-01"}`)
+
+	w := zlog.ConsoleWriter{Out: ioutil.Discard, NoColor: false}
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		w.Write(msg)
+	}
 }

context.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"math"
 	"net"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -16,8 +18,10 @@ func (c Context) Logger() Logger {
 	return c.l
 }
 
-// Fields is a helper function to use a map to set fields using type assertion.
+// Fields is a helper function to use a map or slice to set fields using type assertion.
-func (c Context) Fields(fields map[string]interface{}) Context {
+// Only map[string]interface{} and []interface{} are accepted. []interface{} must
+// alternate string keys and arbitrary values, and extraneous ones are ignored.
+func (c Context) Fields(fields interface{}) Context {
 	c.l.context = appendFields(c.l.context, fields)
 	return c
 }
@@ -26,12 +30,12 @@ func (c Context) Fields(fields map[string]interface{}) Context {
 func (c Context) Dict(key string, dict *Event) Context {
 	dict.buf = enc.AppendEndMarker(dict.buf)
 	c.l.context = append(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), dict.buf...)
-	eventPool.Put(dict)
+	putEvent(dict)
 	return c
 }
 
 // Array adds the field key with an array to the event context.
-// Use zerolog.Arr() to create the array or pass a type that
+// Use zlog.Arr() to create the array or pass a type that
 // implement the LogArrayMarshaler interface.
 func (c Context) Array(key string, arr LogArrayMarshaler) Context {
 	c.l.context = enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key)
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ func (c Context) Object(key string, obj LogObjectMarshaler) Context {
 	e := newEvent(levelWriterAdapter{ioutil.Discard}, 0)
 	e.Object(key, obj)
 	c.l.context = enc.AppendObjectData(c.l.context, e.buf)
-	eventPool.Put(e)
+	putEvent(e)
 	return c
 }
 
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ func (c Context) EmbedObject(obj LogObjectMarshaler) Context {
 	e := newEvent(levelWriterAdapter{ioutil.Discard}, 0)
 	e.EmbedObject(obj)
 	c.l.context = enc.AppendObjectData(c.l.context, e.buf)
-	eventPool.Put(e)
+	putEvent(e)
 	return c
 }
 
@@ -80,6 +84,17 @@ func (c Context) Strs(key string, vals []string) Context {
 	return c
 }
 
+// Stringer adds the field key with val.String() (or null if val is nil) to the logger context.
+func (c Context) Stringer(key string, val fmt.Stringer) Context {
+	if val != nil {
+		c.l.context = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), val.String())
+		return c
+	}
+
+	c.l.context = enc.AppendInterface(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), nil)
+	return c
+}
+
 // Bytes adds the field key with val as a []byte to the logger context.
 func (c Context) Bytes(key string, val []byte) Context {
 	c.l.context = enc.AppendBytes(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), val)
@@ -103,14 +118,17 @@ func (c Context) RawJSON(key string, b []byte) Context {
 
 // AnErr adds the field key with serialized err to the logger context.
 func (c Context) AnErr(key string, err error) Context {
-	marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+	switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
-	switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 	case nil:
 		return c
 	case LogObjectMarshaler:
-		return c.Object(key,m)
+		return c.Object(key, m)
 	case error:
+		if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
+			return c
+		} else {
 			return c.Str(key, m.Error())
+		}
 	case string:
 		return c.Str(key, m)
 	default:
@@ -123,12 +141,15 @@ func (c Context) AnErr(key string, err error) Context {
 func (c Context) Errs(key string, errs []error) Context {
 	arr := Arr()
 	for _, err := range errs {
-		marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+		switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
-		switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 		case LogObjectMarshaler:
 			arr = arr.Object(m)
 		case error:
+			if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
+				arr = arr.Interface(nil)
+			} else {
 				arr = arr.Str(m.Error())
+			}
 		case string:
 			arr = arr.Str(m)
 		default:
@@ -308,8 +329,9 @@ func (ts timestampHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
 
 var th = timestampHook{}
 
-// Timestamp adds the current local time as UNIX timestamp to the logger context with the "time" key.
+// Timestamp adds the current local time to the logger context with the "time" key, formatted using zlog.TimeFieldFormat.
-// To customize the key name, change zerolog.TimestampFieldName.
+// To customize the key name, change zlog.TimestampFieldName.
+// To customize the time format, change zlog.TimeFieldFormat.
 //
 // NOTE: It won't dedupe the "time" key if the *Context has one already.
 func (c Context) Timestamp() Context {
@@ -317,13 +339,13 @@ func (c Context) Timestamp() Context {
 	return c
 }
 
-// Time adds the field key with t formated as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.
+// Time adds the field key with t formated as string using zlog.TimeFieldFormat.
 func (c Context) Time(key string, t time.Time) Context {
 	c.l.context = enc.AppendTime(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), t, TimeFieldFormat)
 	return c
 }
 
-// Times adds the field key with t formated as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.
+// Times adds the field key with t formated as string using zlog.TimeFieldFormat.
 func (c Context) Times(key string, t []time.Time) Context {
 	c.l.context = enc.AppendTimes(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), t, TimeFieldFormat)
 	return c
@@ -347,21 +369,52 @@ func (c Context) Interface(key string, i interface{}) Context {
 	return c
 }
 
-type callerHook struct{}
+type callerHook struct {
-
+	callerSkipFrameCount int
-func (ch callerHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
-        //Two extra frames to skip (added by hook infra).
-	e.caller(CallerSkipFrameCount+2)
 }
 
-var ch = callerHook{}
+func newCallerHook(skipFrameCount int) callerHook {
+	return callerHook{callerSkipFrameCount: skipFrameCount}
+}
 
-// Caller adds the file:line of the caller with the zerolog.CallerFieldName key.
+func (ch callerHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
+	switch ch.callerSkipFrameCount {
+	case useGlobalSkipFrameCount:
+		// Extra frames to skip (added by hook infra).
+		e.caller(CallerSkipFrameCount + contextCallerSkipFrameCount)
+	default:
+		// Extra frames to skip (added by hook infra).
+		e.caller(ch.callerSkipFrameCount + contextCallerSkipFrameCount)
+	}
+}
+
+// useGlobalSkipFrameCount acts as a flag to informat callerHook.Run
+// to use the global CallerSkipFrameCount.
+const useGlobalSkipFrameCount = math.MinInt32
+
+// ch is the default caller hook using the global CallerSkipFrameCount.
+var ch = newCallerHook(useGlobalSkipFrameCount)
+
+// Caller adds the file:line of the caller with the zlog.CallerFieldName key.
 func (c Context) Caller() Context {
 	c.l = c.l.Hook(ch)
 	return c
 }
 
+// CallerWithSkipFrameCount adds the file:line of the caller with the zlog.CallerFieldName key.
+// The specified skipFrameCount int will override the global CallerSkipFrameCount for this context's respective logger.
+// If set to -1 the global CallerSkipFrameCount will be used.
+func (c Context) CallerWithSkipFrameCount(skipFrameCount int) Context {
+	c.l = c.l.Hook(newCallerHook(skipFrameCount))
+	return c
+}
+
+// Stack enables stack trace printing for the error passed to Err().
+func (c Context) Stack() Context {
+	c.l.stack = true
+	return c
+}
+
 // IPAddr adds IPv4 or IPv6 Address to the context
 func (c Context) IPAddr(key string, ip net.IP) Context {
 	c.l.context = enc.AppendIPAddr(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), ip)

ctx.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -7,41 +7,46 @@ import (
 var disabledLogger *Logger
 
 func init() {
+	SetGlobalLevel(TraceLevel)
 	l := Nop()
 	disabledLogger = &l
 }
 
 type ctxKey struct{}
 
-// WithContext returns a copy of ctx with l associated. If an instance of Logger
+// WithContext returns a copy of ctx with the receiver attached. The Logger
-// is already in the context, the context is not updated.
+// attached to the provided Context (if any) will not be effected.  If the
+// receiver's log level is Disabled it will only be attached to the returned
+// Context if the provided Context has a previously attached Logger. If the
+// provided Context has no attached Logger, a Disabled Logger will not be
+// attached.
 //
-// For instance, to add a field to an existing logger in the context, use this
+// Note: to modify the existing Logger attached to a Context (instead of
+// replacing it in a new Context), use UpdateContext with the following
 // notation:
 //
 //     ctx := r.Context()
-//     l := zerolog.Ctx(ctx)
+//     l := zlog.Ctx(ctx)
 //     l.UpdateContext(func(c Context) Context {
 //         return c.Str("bar", "baz")
 //     })
-func (l *Logger) WithContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+//
-	if lp, ok := ctx.Value(ctxKey{}).(*Logger); ok {
+func (l Logger) WithContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
-		if lp == l {
+	if _, ok := ctx.Value(ctxKey{}).(*Logger); !ok && l.level == Disabled {
-			// Do not store same logger.
-			return ctx
-		}
-	} else if l.level == Disabled {
 		// Do not store disabled logger.
 		return ctx
 	}
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, ctxKey{}, l)
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, ctxKey{}, &l)
 }
 
 // Ctx returns the Logger associated with the ctx. If no logger
-// is associated, a disabled logger is returned.
+// is associated, DefaultContextLogger is returned, unless DefaultContextLogger
+// is nil, in which case a disabled logger is returned.
 func Ctx(ctx context.Context) *Logger {
 	if l, ok := ctx.Value(ctxKey{}).(*Logger); ok {
 		return l
+	} else if l = DefaultContextLogger; l != nil {
+		return l
 	}
 	return disabledLogger
 }

ctx_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ func TestCtx(t *testing.T) {
 	if log2 != disabledLogger {
 		t.Error("Ctx did not return the expected logger")
 	}
+
+	DefaultContextLogger = &log
+	t.Cleanup(func() { DefaultContextLogger = nil })
+	log2 = Ctx(context.Background())
+	if log2 != &log {
+		t.Error("Ctx did not return the expected logger")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestCtxDisabled(t *testing.T) {
@@ -38,7 +45,7 @@ func TestCtxDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 
 	l := New(ioutil.Discard).With().Str("foo", "bar").Logger()
 	ctx = l.WithContext(ctx)
-	if Ctx(ctx) != &l {
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(Ctx(ctx), &l) {
 		t.Error("WithContext did not store logger")
 	}
 
@@ -46,18 +53,18 @@ func TestCtxDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 		return c.Str("bar", "baz")
 	})
 	ctx = l.WithContext(ctx)
-	if Ctx(ctx) != &l {
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(Ctx(ctx), &l) {
 		t.Error("WithContext did not store updated logger")
 	}
 
 	l = l.Level(DebugLevel)
 	ctx = l.WithContext(ctx)
-	if Ctx(ctx) != &l {
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(Ctx(ctx), &l) {
 		t.Error("WithContext did not store copied logger")
 	}
 
 	ctx = dl.WithContext(ctx)
-	if Ctx(ctx) != &dl {
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(Ctx(ctx), &dl) {
-		t.Error("WithContext did not overide logger with a disabled logger")
+		t.Error("WithContext did not override logger with a disabled logger")
 	}
 }

diode/diode.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/diode/internal/diodes"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/diode/internal/diodes"
 )
 
 var bufPool = &sync.Pool{
@@ -19,12 +19,16 @@ var bufPool = &sync.Pool{
 
 type Alerter func(missed int)
 
+type diodeFetcher interface {
+	diodes.Diode
+	Next() diodes.GenericDataType
+}
+
 // Writer is a io.Writer wrapper that uses a diode to make Write lock-free,
 // non-blocking and thread safe.
 type Writer struct {
 	w    io.Writer
-	d    *diodes.ManyToOne
+	d    diodeFetcher
-	p    *diodes.Poller
 	c    context.CancelFunc
 	done chan struct{}
 }
@@ -35,31 +39,40 @@ type Writer struct {
 //
 // Use a diode.Writer when
 //
-//     wr := diode.NewWriter(w, 1000, 10 * time.Millisecond, func(missed int) {
+//     wr := diode.NewWriter(w, 1000, 0, func(missed int) {
 //         log.Printf("Dropped %d messages", missed)
 //     })
-//     log := zerolog.New(wr)
+//     log := zlog.New(wr)
 //
+// If pollInterval is greater than 0, a poller is used otherwise a waiter is
+// used.
 //
 // See code.cloudfoundry.org/go-diodes for more info on diode.
-func NewWriter(w io.Writer, size int, poolInterval time.Duration, f Alerter) Writer {
+func NewWriter(w io.Writer, size int, pollInterval time.Duration, f Alerter) Writer {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	d := diodes.NewManyToOne(size, diodes.AlertFunc(f))
 	dw := Writer{
 		w:    w,
-		d: d,
-		p: diodes.NewPoller(d,
-			diodes.WithPollingInterval(poolInterval),
-			diodes.WithPollingContext(ctx)),
 		c:    cancel,
 		done: make(chan struct{}),
 	}
+	if f == nil {
+		f = func(int) {}
+	}
+	d := diodes.NewManyToOne(size, diodes.AlertFunc(f))
+	if pollInterval > 0 {
+		dw.d = diodes.NewPoller(d,
+			diodes.WithPollingInterval(pollInterval),
+			diodes.WithPollingContext(ctx))
+	} else {
+		dw.d = diodes.NewWaiter(d,
+			diodes.WithWaiterContext(ctx))
+	}
 	go dw.poll()
 	return dw
 }
 
 func (dw Writer) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	// p is pooled in zerolog so we can't hold it passed this call, hence the
+	// p is pooled in zlog so we can't hold it passed this call, hence the
 	// copy.
 	p = append(bufPool.Get().([]byte), p...)
 	dw.d.Set(diodes.GenericDataType(&p))
@@ -80,12 +93,22 @@ func (dw Writer) Close() error {
 func (dw Writer) poll() {
 	defer close(dw.done)
 	for {
-		d := dw.p.Next()
+		d := dw.d.Next()
 		if d == nil {
 			return
 		}
 		p := *(*[]byte)(d)
 		dw.w.Write(p)
+
+		// Proper usage of a sync.Pool requires each entry to have approximately
+		// the same memory cost. To obtain this property when the stored type
+		// contains a variably-sized buffer, we add a hard limit on the maximum buffer
+		// to place back in the pool.
+		//
+		// See https://golang.org/issue/23199
+		const maxSize = 1 << 16 // 64KiB
+		if cap(p) <= maxSize {
 			bufPool.Put(p[:0])
 		}
+	}
 }

diode/diode_example_test.go

@@ -5,17 +5,16 @@ package diode_test
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/diode"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/diode"
 )
 
 func ExampleNewWriter() {
-	w := diode.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 1000, 10*time.Millisecond, func(missed int) {
+	w := diode.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 1000, 0, func(missed int) {
 		fmt.Printf("Dropped %d messages\n", missed)
 	})
-	log := zerolog.New(w)
+	log := zlog.New(w)
 	log.Print("test")
 
 	w.Close()

diode/diode_test.go

@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/diode"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/diode"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/internal/cbor"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/internal/cbor"
 )
 
 func TestNewWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := bytes.Buffer{}
-	w := diode.NewWriter(&buf, 1000, 10*time.Millisecond, func(missed int) {
+	w := diode.NewWriter(&buf, 1000, 0, func(missed int) {
 		fmt.Printf("Dropped %d messages\n", missed)
 	})
-	log := zerolog.New(w)
+	log := zlog.New(w)
 	log.Print("test")
 
 	w.Close()
@@ -30,11 +30,25 @@ func TestNewWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestClose(t *testing.T) {
+	buf := bytes.Buffer{}
+	w := diode.NewWriter(&buf, 1000, 0, func(missed int) {})
+	log := zlog.New(w)
+	log.Print("test")
+	w.Close()
+}
+
 func Benchmark(b *testing.B) {
 	log.SetOutput(ioutil.Discard)
 	defer log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
-	w := diode.NewWriter(ioutil.Discard, 100000, 10*time.Millisecond, nil)
+	benchs := map[string]time.Duration{
-	log := zerolog.New(w)
+		"Waiter": 0,
+		"Pooler": 10 * time.Millisecond,
+	}
+	for name, interval := range benchs {
+		b.Run(name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			w := diode.NewWriter(ioutil.Discard, 100000, interval, nil)
+			log := zlog.New(w)
 			defer w.Close()
 
 			b.SetParallelism(1000)
@@ -43,5 +57,6 @@ func Benchmark(b *testing.B) {
 					log.Print("test")
 				}
 			})
-
+		})
+	}
 }

diode/internal/diodes/many_to_one.go

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ import (
 // ManyToOne diode is optimal for many writers (go-routines B-n) and a single
 // reader (go-routine A). It is not thread safe for multiple readers.
 type ManyToOne struct {
-	buffer     []unsafe.Pointer
 	writeIndex uint64
 	readIndex  uint64
+	buffer     []unsafe.Pointer
 	alerter    Alerter
 }
 
 // NewManyToOne creates a new diode (ring buffer). The ManyToOne diode
-// is optimzed for many writers (on go-routines B-n) and a single reader
+// is optimized for many writers (on go-routines B-n) and a single reader
 // (on go-routine A). The alerter is invoked on the read's go-routine. It is
 // called when it notices that the writer go-routine has passed it and wrote
 // over data. A nil can be used to ignore alerts.
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func (d *ManyToOne) Set(data GenericDataType) {
 }
 
 // TryNext will attempt to read from the next slot of the ring buffer.
-// If there is not data available, it will return (nil, false).
+// If there is no data available, it will return (nil, false).
 func (d *ManyToOne) TryNext() (data GenericDataType, ok bool) {
 	// Read a value from the ring buffer based on the readIndex.
 	idx := d.readIndex % uint64(len(d.buffer))
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (d *ManyToOne) TryNext() (data GenericDataType, ok bool) {
 	}
 
 	// When the seq value is less than the current read index that means a
-	// value was read from idx that was previously written but has since has
+	// value was read from idx that was previously written but since has
 	// been dropped. This value must be ignored and the read head must not
 	// increment.
 	//

diode/internal/diodes/one_to_one.go

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ type bucket struct {
 // OneToOne diode is meant to be used by a single reader and a single writer.
 // It is not thread safe if used otherwise.
 type OneToOne struct {
-	buffer     []unsafe.Pointer
 	writeIndex uint64
 	readIndex  uint64
+	buffer     []unsafe.Pointer
 	alerter    Alerter
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (d *OneToOne) TryNext() (data GenericDataType, ok bool) {
 	}
 
 	// When the seq value is less than the current read index that means a
-	// value was read from idx that was previously written but has since has
+	// value was read from idx that was previously written but since has
 	// been dropped. This value must be ignored and the read head must not
 	// increment.
 	//

diode/internal/diodes/poller.go

@@ -24,18 +24,18 @@ type PollerConfigOption func(*Poller)
 // WithPollingInterval sets the interval at which the diode is queried
 // for new data. The default is 10ms.
 func WithPollingInterval(interval time.Duration) PollerConfigOption {
-	return PollerConfigOption(func(c *Poller) {
+	return func(c *Poller) {
 		c.interval = interval
-	})
+	}
 }
 
 // WithPollingContext sets the context to cancel any retrieval (Next()). It
 // will not change any results for adding data (Set()). Default is
 // context.Background().
 func WithPollingContext(ctx context.Context) PollerConfigOption {
-	return PollerConfigOption(func(c *Poller) {
+	return func(c *Poller) {
 		c.ctx = ctx
-	})
+	}
 }
 
 // NewPoller returns a new Poller that wraps the given diode.

diode/internal/diodes/waiter.go

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ type WaiterConfigOption func(*Waiter)
 // will not change any results for adding data (Set()). Default is
 // context.Background().
 func WithWaiterContext(ctx context.Context) WaiterConfigOption {
-	return WaiterConfigOption(func(c *Waiter) {
+	return func(c *Waiter) {
 		c.ctx = ctx
-	})
+	}
 }
 
 // NewWaiter returns a new Waiter that wraps the given diode.
@@ -39,7 +39,12 @@ func NewWaiter(d Diode, opts ...WaiterConfigOption) *Waiter {
 
 	go func() {
 		<-w.ctx.Done()
+
+		// Mutex is strictly necessary here to avoid a race in Next() (between
+		// w.isDone() and w.c.Wait()) and w.c.Broadcast() here.
+		w.mu.Lock()
 		w.c.Broadcast()
+		w.mu.Unlock()
 	}()
 
 	return w

encoder.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"net"

encoder_cbor.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 // +build binary_log
 
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 // This file contains bindings to do binary encoding.
 
 import (
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/internal/cbor"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/internal/cbor"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -14,9 +14,19 @@ var (
 	enc = cbor.Encoder{}
 )
 
+func init() {
+	// using closure to reflect the changes at runtime.
+	cbor.JSONMarshalFunc = func(v interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+		return InterfaceMarshalFunc(v)
+	}
+}
+
 func appendJSON(dst []byte, j []byte) []byte {
 	return cbor.AppendEmbeddedJSON(dst, j)
 }
+func appendCBOR(dst []byte, c []byte) []byte {
+	return cbor.AppendEmbeddedCBOR(dst, c)
+}
 
 // decodeIfBinaryToString - converts a binary formatted log msg to a
 // JSON formatted String Log message.

encoder_json.go

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !binary_log
 // +build !binary_log
 
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 // encoder_json.go file contains bindings to generate
 // JSON encoded byte stream.
 
 import (
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/internal/json"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/internal/json"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -15,9 +17,27 @@ var (
 	enc = json.Encoder{}
 )
 
+func init() {
+	// using closure to reflect the changes at runtime.
+	json.JSONMarshalFunc = func(v interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+		return InterfaceMarshalFunc(v)
+	}
+}
+
 func appendJSON(dst []byte, j []byte) []byte {
 	return append(dst, j...)
 }
+func appendCBOR(dst []byte, cbor []byte) []byte {
+	dst = append(dst, []byte("\"data:application/cbor;base64,")...)
+	l := len(dst)
+	enc := base64.StdEncoding
+	n := enc.EncodedLen(len(cbor))
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		dst = append(dst, '.')
+	}
+	enc.Encode(dst[l:], cbor)
+	return append(dst, '"')
+}
 
 func decodeIfBinaryToString(in []byte) string {
 	return string(in)

event.go

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -18,11 +17,6 @@ var eventPool = &sync.Pool{
 	},
 }
 
-// ErrorMarshalFunc allows customization of global error marshaling
-var ErrorMarshalFunc = func (err error) interface{} {
-	return err
-}
-
 // Event represents a log event. It is instanced by one of the level method of
 // Logger and finalized by the Msg or Msgf method.
 type Event struct {
@@ -30,8 +24,23 @@ type Event struct {
 	w         LevelWriter
 	level     Level
 	done      func(msg string)
+	stack     bool   // enable error stack trace
 	ch        []Hook // hooks from context
-	h     []Hook
+	skipFrame int    // The number of additional frames to skip when printing the caller.
+}
+
+func putEvent(e *Event) {
+	// Proper usage of a sync.Pool requires each entry to have approximately
+	// the same memory cost. To obtain this property when the stored type
+	// contains a variably-sized buffer, we add a hard limit on the maximum buffer
+	// to place back in the pool.
+	//
+	// See https://golang.org/issue/23199
+	const maxSize = 1 << 16 // 64KiB
+	if cap(e.buf) > maxSize {
+		return
+	}
+	eventPool.Put(e)
 }
 
 // LogObjectMarshaler provides a strongly-typed and encoding-agnostic interface
@@ -49,10 +58,12 @@ type LogArrayMarshaler interface {
 func newEvent(w LevelWriter, level Level) *Event {
 	e := eventPool.Get().(*Event)
 	e.buf = e.buf[:0]
-	e.h = e.h[:0]
+	e.ch = nil
 	e.buf = enc.AppendBeginMarker(e.buf)
 	e.w = w
 	e.level = level
+	e.stack = false
+	e.skipFrame = 0
 	return e
 }
 
@@ -60,19 +71,30 @@ func (e *Event) write() (err error) {
 	if e == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+	if e.level != Disabled {
 		e.buf = enc.AppendEndMarker(e.buf)
 		e.buf = enc.AppendLineBreak(e.buf)
 		if e.w != nil {
 			_, err = e.w.WriteLevel(e.level, e.buf)
 		}
-	eventPool.Put(e)
+	}
+	putEvent(e)
 	return
 }
 
 // Enabled return false if the *Event is going to be filtered out by
 // log level or sampling.
 func (e *Event) Enabled() bool {
-	return e != nil
+	return e != nil && e.level != Disabled
+}
+
+// Discard disables the event so Msg(f) won't print it.
+func (e *Event) Discard() *Event {
+	if e == nil {
+		return e
+	}
+	e.level = Disabled
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Msg sends the *Event with msg added as the message field if not empty.
@@ -83,22 +105,41 @@ func (e *Event) Msg(msg string) {
 	if e == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	if len(e.ch) > 0 {
+	e.msg(msg)
-		e.ch[0].Run(e, e.level, msg)
+}
-		if len(e.ch) > 1 {
+
-			for _, hook := range e.ch[1:] {
+// Send is equivalent to calling Msg("").
+//
+// NOTICE: once this method is called, the *Event should be disposed.
+func (e *Event) Send() {
+	if e == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	e.msg("")
+}
+
+// Msgf sends the event with formatted msg added as the message field if not empty.
+//
+// NOTICE: once this method is called, the *Event should be disposed.
+// Calling Msgf twice can have unexpected result.
+func (e *Event) Msgf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	if e == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	e.msg(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+}
+
+func (e *Event) MsgFunc(createMsg func() string) {
+	if e == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	e.msg(createMsg())
+}
+
+func (e *Event) msg(msg string) {
+	for _, hook := range e.ch {
 		hook.Run(e, e.level, msg)
 	}
-		}
-	}
-	if len(e.h) > 0 {
-		e.h[0].Run(e, e.level, msg)
-		if len(e.h) > 1 {
-			for _, hook := range e.h[1:] {
-				hook.Run(e, e.level, msg)
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	if msg != "" {
 		e.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, MessageFieldName), msg)
 	}
@@ -106,23 +147,18 @@ func (e *Event) Msg(msg string) {
 		defer e.done(msg)
 	}
 	if err := e.write(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "zerolog: could not write event: %v", err)
+		if ErrorHandler != nil {
+			ErrorHandler(err)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "zlog: could not write event: %v\n", err)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-// Msgf sends the event with formated msg added as the message field if not empty.
+// Fields is a helper function to use a map or slice to set fields using type assertion.
-//
+// Only map[string]interface{} and []interface{} are accepted. []interface{} must
-// NOTICE: once this methid is called, the *Event should be disposed.
+// alternate string keys and arbitrary values, and extraneous ones are ignored.
-// Calling Msg twice can have unexpected result.
+func (e *Event) Fields(fields interface{}) *Event {
-func (e *Event) Msgf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
-	if e == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	e.Msg(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
-}
-
-// Fields is a helper function to use a map to set fields using type assertion.
-func (e *Event) Fields(fields map[string]interface{}) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
 		return e
 	}
@@ -131,14 +167,14 @@ func (e *Event) Fields(fields map[string]interface{}) *Event {
 }
 
 // Dict adds the field key with a dict to the event context.
-// Use zerolog.Dict() to create the dictionary.
+// Use zlog.Dict() to create the dictionary.
 func (e *Event) Dict(key string, dict *Event) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
 		return e
 	}
 	dict.buf = enc.AppendEndMarker(dict.buf)
 	e.buf = append(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, key), dict.buf...)
-	eventPool.Put(dict)
+	putEvent(dict)
 	return e
 }
 
@@ -150,7 +186,7 @@ func Dict() *Event {
 }
 
 // Array adds the field key with an array to the event context.
-// Use zerolog.Arr() to create the array or pass a type that
+// Use zlog.Arr() to create the array or pass a type that
 // implement the LogArrayMarshaler interface.
 func (e *Event) Array(key string, arr LogArrayMarshaler) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
@@ -180,15 +216,32 @@ func (e *Event) Object(key string, obj LogObjectMarshaler) *Event {
 		return e
 	}
 	e.buf = enc.AppendKey(e.buf, key)
+	if obj == nil {
+		e.buf = enc.AppendNil(e.buf)
+
+		return e
+	}
+
 	e.appendObject(obj)
 	return e
 }
 
-// Object marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface.
+// Func allows an anonymous func to run only if the event is enabled.
+func (e *Event) Func(f func(e *Event)) *Event {
+	if e != nil && e.Enabled() {
+		f(e)
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+// EmbedObject marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface.
 func (e *Event) EmbedObject(obj LogObjectMarshaler) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
 		return e
 	}
+	if obj == nil {
+		return e
+	}
 	obj.MarshalZerologObject(e)
 	return e
 }
@@ -211,6 +264,27 @@ func (e *Event) Strs(key string, vals []string) *Event {
 	return e
 }
 
+// Stringer adds the field key with val.String() (or null if val is nil)
+// to the *Event context.
+func (e *Event) Stringer(key string, val fmt.Stringer) *Event {
+	if e == nil {
+		return e
+	}
+	e.buf = enc.AppendStringer(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, key), val)
+	return e
+}
+
+// Stringers adds the field key with vals where each individual val
+// is used as val.String() (or null if val is empty) to the *Event
+// context.
+func (e *Event) Stringers(key string, vals []fmt.Stringer) *Event {
+	if e == nil {
+		return e
+	}
+	e.buf = enc.AppendStringers(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, key), vals)
+	return e
+}
+
 // Bytes adds the field key with val as a string to the *Event context.
 //
 // Runes outside of normal ASCII ranges will be hex-encoded in the resulting
@@ -244,34 +318,51 @@ func (e *Event) RawJSON(key string, b []byte) *Event {
 	return e
 }
 
+// RawCBOR adds already encoded CBOR to the log line under key.
+//
+// No sanity check is performed on b
+// Note: The full featureset of CBOR is supported as data will not be mapped to json but stored as data-url
+func (e *Event) RawCBOR(key string, b []byte) *Event {
+	if e == nil {
+		return e
+	}
+	e.buf = appendCBOR(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, key), b)
+	return e
+}
+
 // AnErr adds the field key with serialized err to the *Event context.
 // If err is nil, no field is added.
 func (e *Event) AnErr(key string, err error) *Event {
-	marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+	if e == nil {
-	switch m := marshaled.(type) {
+		return e
+	}
+	switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
 	case nil:
 		return e
 	case LogObjectMarshaler:
 		return e.Object(key, m)
 	case error:
+		if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
+			return e
+		} else {
 			return e.Str(key, m.Error())
+		}
 	case string:
 		return e.Str(key, m)
 	default:
 		return e.Interface(key, m)
 	}
 }
+
 // Errs adds the field key with errs as an array of serialized errors to the
 // *Event context.
 func (e *Event) Errs(key string, errs []error) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
 		return e
 	}
-
 	arr := Arr()
 	for _, err := range errs {
-		marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+		switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
-		switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 		case LogObjectMarshaler:
 			arr = arr.Object(m)
 		case error:
@@ -288,11 +379,44 @@ func (e *Event) Errs(key string, errs []error) *Event {
 
 // Err adds the field "error" with serialized err to the *Event context.
 // If err is nil, no field is added.
-// To customize the key name, change zerolog.ErrorFieldName.
+//
+// To customize the key name, change zlog.ErrorFieldName.
+//
+// If Stack() has been called before and zlog.ErrorStackMarshaler is defined,
+// the err is passed to ErrorStackMarshaler and the result is appended to the
+// zlog.ErrorStackFieldName.
 func (e *Event) Err(err error) *Event {
+	if e == nil {
+		return e
+	}
+	if e.stack && ErrorStackMarshaler != nil {
+		switch m := ErrorStackMarshaler(err).(type) {
+		case nil:
+		case LogObjectMarshaler:
+			e.Object(ErrorStackFieldName, m)
+		case error:
+			if m != nil && !isNilValue(m) {
+				e.Str(ErrorStackFieldName, m.Error())
+			}
+		case string:
+			e.Str(ErrorStackFieldName, m)
+		default:
+			e.Interface(ErrorStackFieldName, m)
+		}
+	}
 	return e.AnErr(ErrorFieldName, err)
 }
 
+// Stack enables stack trace printing for the error passed to Err().
+//
+// ErrorStackMarshaler must be set for this method to do something.
+func (e *Event) Stack() *Event {
+	if e != nil {
+		e.stack = true
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
 // Bool adds the field key with val as a bool to the *Event context.
 func (e *Event) Bool(key string, b bool) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
@@ -528,7 +652,7 @@ func (e *Event) Floats64(key string, f []float64) *Event {
 }
 
 // Timestamp adds the current local time as UNIX timestamp to the *Event context with the "time" key.
-// To customize the key name, change zerolog.TimestampFieldName.
+// To customize the key name, change zlog.TimestampFieldName.
 //
 // NOTE: It won't dedupe the "time" key if the *Event (or *Context) has one
 // already.
@@ -540,7 +664,7 @@ func (e *Event) Timestamp() *Event {
 	return e
 }
 
-// Time adds the field key with t formated as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.
+// Time adds the field key with t formatted as string using zlog.TimeFieldFormat.
 func (e *Event) Time(key string, t time.Time) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
 		return e
@@ -549,7 +673,7 @@ func (e *Event) Time(key string, t time.Time) *Event {
 	return e
 }
 
-// Times adds the field key with t formated as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.
+// Times adds the field key with t formatted as string using zlog.TimeFieldFormat.
 func (e *Event) Times(key string, t []time.Time) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
 		return e
@@ -558,8 +682,8 @@ func (e *Event) Times(key string, t []time.Time) *Event {
 	return e
 }
 
-// Dur adds the field key with duration d stored as zerolog.DurationFieldUnit.
+// Dur adds the field key with duration d stored as zlog.DurationFieldUnit.
-// If zerolog.DurationFieldInteger is true, durations are rendered as integer
+// If zlog.DurationFieldInteger is true, durations are rendered as integer
 // instead of float.
 func (e *Event) Dur(key string, d time.Duration) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
@@ -569,8 +693,8 @@ func (e *Event) Dur(key string, d time.Duration) *Event {
 	return e
 }
 
-// Durs adds the field key with duration d stored as zerolog.DurationFieldUnit.
+// Durs adds the field key with duration d stored as zlog.DurationFieldUnit.
-// If zerolog.DurationFieldInteger is true, durations are rendered as integer
+// If zlog.DurationFieldInteger is true, durations are rendered as integer
 // instead of float.
 func (e *Event) Durs(key string, d []time.Duration) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
@@ -595,6 +719,11 @@ func (e *Event) TimeDiff(key string, t time.Time, start time.Time) *Event {
 	return e
 }
 
+// Any is a wrapper around Event.Interface.
+func (e *Event) Any(key string, i interface{}) *Event {
+	return e.Interface(key, i)
+}
+
 // Interface adds the field key with i marshaled using reflection.
 func (e *Event) Interface(key string, i interface{}) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
@@ -607,20 +736,45 @@ func (e *Event) Interface(key string, i interface{}) *Event {
 	return e
 }
 
-// Caller adds the file:line of the caller with the zerolog.CallerFieldName key.
+// Type adds the field key with val's type using reflection.
-func (e *Event) Caller() *Event {
+func (e *Event) Type(key string, val interface{}) *Event {
-	return e.caller(CallerSkipFrameCount)
+	if e == nil {
+		return e
+	}
+	e.buf = enc.AppendType(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, key), val)
+	return e
+}
+
+// CallerSkipFrame instructs any future Caller calls to skip the specified number of frames.
+// This includes those added via hooks from the context.
+func (e *Event) CallerSkipFrame(skip int) *Event {
+	if e == nil {
+		return e
+	}
+	e.skipFrame += skip
+	return e
+}
+
+// Caller adds the file:line of the caller with the zlog.CallerFieldName key.
+// The argument skip is the number of stack frames to ascend
+// Skip If not passed, use the global variable CallerSkipFrameCount
+func (e *Event) Caller(skip ...int) *Event {
+	sk := CallerSkipFrameCount
+	if len(skip) > 0 {
+		sk = skip[0] + CallerSkipFrameCount
+	}
+	return e.caller(sk)
 }
 
 func (e *Event) caller(skip int) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
 		return e
 	}
-	_, file, line, ok := runtime.Caller(skip)
+	pc, file, line, ok := runtime.Caller(skip + e.skipFrame)
 	if !ok {
 		return e
 	}
-	e.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, CallerFieldName), file+":"+strconv.Itoa(line))
+	e.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, CallerFieldName), CallerMarshalFunc(pc, file, line))
 	return e
 }
 

event_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// +build !binary_log
+
+package zlog
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type nilError struct{}
+
+func (nilError) Error() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+func TestEvent_AnErr(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil, `{}`},
+		{"error", errors.New("test"), `{"err":"test"}`},
+		{"nil interface", func() *nilError { return nil }(), `{}`},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			e := newEvent(levelWriterAdapter{&buf}, DebugLevel)
+			e.AnErr("err", tt.err)
+			_ = e.write()
+			if got, want := strings.TrimSpace(buf.String()), tt.want; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("Event.AnErr() = %v, want %v", got, want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvent_ObjectWithNil(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	e := newEvent(levelWriterAdapter{&buf}, DebugLevel)
+	_ = e.Object("obj", nil)
+	_ = e.write()
+
+	want := `{"obj":null}`
+	got := strings.TrimSpace(buf.String())
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("Event.Object() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvent_EmbedObjectWithNil(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	e := newEvent(levelWriterAdapter{&buf}, DebugLevel)
+	_ = e.EmbedObject(nil)
+	_ = e.write()
+
+	want := "{}"
+	got := strings.TrimSpace(buf.String())
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("Event.EmbedObject() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}

fields.go

@@ -1,26 +1,53 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"net"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
+	"unsafe"
 )
 
-func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
+func isNilValue(i interface{}) bool {
+	return (*[2]uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&i))[1] == 0
+}
+
+func appendFields(dst []byte, fields interface{}) []byte {
+	switch fields := fields.(type) {
+	case []interface{}:
+		if n := len(fields); n&0x1 == 1 { // odd number
+			fields = fields[:n-1]
+		}
+		dst = appendFieldList(dst, fields)
+	case map[string]interface{}:
 		keys := make([]string, 0, len(fields))
 		for key := range fields {
 			keys = append(keys, key)
 		}
 		sort.Strings(keys)
+		kv := make([]interface{}, 2)
 		for _, key := range keys {
+			kv[0], kv[1] = key, fields[key]
+			dst = appendFieldList(dst, kv)
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+func appendFieldList(dst []byte, kvList []interface{}) []byte {
+	for i, n := 0, len(kvList); i < n; i += 2 {
+		key, val := kvList[i], kvList[i+1]
+		if key, ok := key.(string); ok {
 			dst = enc.AppendKey(dst, key)
-		val := fields[key]
+		} else {
+			continue
+		}
 		if val, ok := val.(LogObjectMarshaler); ok {
 			e := newEvent(nil, 0)
 			e.buf = e.buf[:0]
 			e.appendObject(val)
 			dst = append(dst, e.buf...)
-			eventPool.Put(e)
+			putEvent(e)
 			continue
 		}
 		switch val := val.(type) {
@@ -29,16 +56,19 @@ func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 		case []byte:
 			dst = enc.AppendBytes(dst, val)
 		case error:
-			marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(val)
+			switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(val).(type) {
-			switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 			case LogObjectMarshaler:
 				e := newEvent(nil, 0)
 				e.buf = e.buf[:0]
 				e.appendObject(m)
 				dst = append(dst, e.buf...)
-				eventPool.Put(e)
+				putEvent(e)
 			case error:
+				if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
+					dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+				} else {
 					dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m.Error())
+				}
 			case string:
 				dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m)
 			default:
@@ -47,16 +77,19 @@ func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 		case []error:
 			dst = enc.AppendArrayStart(dst)
 			for i, err := range val {
-				marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+				switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
-				switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 				case LogObjectMarshaler:
 					e := newEvent(nil, 0)
 					e.buf = e.buf[:0]
 					e.appendObject(m)
 					dst = append(dst, e.buf...)
-					eventPool.Put(e)
+					putEvent(e)
 				case error:
+					if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
+						dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+					} else {
 						dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m.Error())
+					}
 				case string:
 					dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m)
 				default:
@@ -99,37 +132,101 @@ func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 		case time.Duration:
 			dst = enc.AppendDuration(dst, val, DurationFieldUnit, DurationFieldInteger)
 		case *string:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendString(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *bool:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendBool(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *int:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendInt(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *int8:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendInt8(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *int16:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendInt16(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *int32:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendInt32(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *int64:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendInt64(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *uint:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendUint(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *uint8:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendUint8(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *uint16:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendUint16(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *uint32:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendUint32(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *uint64:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendUint64(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *float32:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendFloat32(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *float64:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendFloat64(dst, *val)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *time.Time:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendTime(dst, *val, TimeFieldFormat)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case *time.Duration:
+			if val != nil {
 				dst = enc.AppendDuration(dst, *val, DurationFieldUnit, DurationFieldInteger)
+			} else {
+				dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
+			}
 		case []string:
 			dst = enc.AppendStrings(dst, val)
 		case []bool:
@@ -170,6 +267,8 @@ func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 			dst = enc.AppendIPPrefix(dst, val)
 		case net.HardwareAddr:
 			dst = enc.AppendMACAddr(dst, val)
+		case json.RawMessage:
+			dst = appendJSON(dst, val)
 		default:
 			dst = enc.AppendInterface(dst, val)
 		}

globals.go

@@ -1,7 +1,29 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
-import "time"
+import (
-import "sync/atomic"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	// TimeFormatUnix defines a time format that makes time fields to be
+	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers.
+	TimeFormatUnix = ""
+
+	// TimeFormatUnixMs defines a time format that makes time fields to be
+	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers in milliseconds.
+	TimeFormatUnixMs = "UNIXMS"
+
+	// TimeFormatUnixMicro defines a time format that makes time fields to be
+	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers in microseconds.
+	TimeFormatUnixMicro = "UNIXMICRO"
+
+	// TimeFormatUnixNano defines a time format that makes time fields to be
+	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers in nanoseconds.
+	TimeFormatUnixNano = "UNIXNANO"
+)
 
 var (
 	// TimestampFieldName is the field name used for the timestamp field.
@@ -10,6 +32,26 @@ var (
 	// LevelFieldName is the field name used for the level field.
 	LevelFieldName = "level"
 
+	// LevelTraceValue is the value used for the trace level field.
+	LevelTraceValue = "trace"
+	// LevelDebugValue is the value used for the debug level field.
+	LevelDebugValue = "debug"
+	// LevelInfoValue is the value used for the info level field.
+	LevelInfoValue = "info"
+	// LevelWarnValue is the value used for the warn level field.
+	LevelWarnValue = "warn"
+	// LevelErrorValue is the value used for the error level field.
+	LevelErrorValue = "error"
+	// LevelFatalValue is the value used for the fatal level field.
+	LevelFatalValue = "fatal"
+	// LevelPanicValue is the value used for the panic level field.
+	LevelPanicValue = "panic"
+
+	// LevelFieldMarshalFunc allows customization of global level field marshaling.
+	LevelFieldMarshalFunc = func(l Level) string {
+		return l.String()
+	}
+
 	// MessageFieldName is the field name used for the message field.
 	MessageFieldName = "message"
 
@@ -22,9 +64,29 @@ var (
 	// CallerSkipFrameCount is the number of stack frames to skip to find the caller.
 	CallerSkipFrameCount = 2
 
-	// TimeFieldFormat defines the time format of the Time field type.
+	// CallerMarshalFunc allows customization of global caller marshaling
-	// If set to an empty string, the time is formatted as an UNIX timestamp
+	CallerMarshalFunc = func(pc uintptr, file string, line int) string {
-	// as integer.
+		return file + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
+	}
+
+	// ErrorStackFieldName is the field name used for error stacks.
+	ErrorStackFieldName = "stack"
+
+	// ErrorStackMarshaler extract the stack from err if any.
+	ErrorStackMarshaler func(err error) interface{}
+
+	// ErrorMarshalFunc allows customization of global error marshaling
+	ErrorMarshalFunc = func(err error) interface{} {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// InterfaceMarshalFunc allows customization of interface marshaling.
+	// Default: "encoding/json.Marshal"
+	InterfaceMarshalFunc = json.Marshal
+
+	// TimeFieldFormat defines the time format of the Time field type. If set to
+	// TimeFormatUnix, TimeFormatUnixMs, TimeFormatUnixMicro or TimeFormatUnixNano, the time is formatted as a UNIX
+	// timestamp as integer.
 	TimeFieldFormat = time.RFC3339
 
 	// TimestampFunc defines the function called to generate a timestamp.
@@ -37,11 +99,20 @@ var (
 	// DurationFieldInteger renders Dur fields as integer instead of float if
 	// set to true.
 	DurationFieldInteger = false
+
+	// ErrorHandler is called whenever zlog fails to write an event on its
+	// output. If not set, an error is printed on the stderr. This handler must
+	// be thread safe and non-blocking.
+	ErrorHandler func(err error)
+
+	// DefaultContextLogger is returned from Ctx() if there is no logger associated
+	// with the context.
+	DefaultContextLogger *Logger
 )
 
 var (
-	gLevel          = new(uint32)
+	gLevel          = new(int32)
-	disableSampling = new(uint32)
+	disableSampling = new(int32)
 )
 
 // SetGlobalLevel sets the global override for log level. If this
@@ -49,23 +120,23 @@ var (
 //
 // To globally disable logs, set GlobalLevel to Disabled.
 func SetGlobalLevel(l Level) {
-	atomic.StoreUint32(gLevel, uint32(l))
+	atomic.StoreInt32(gLevel, int32(l))
 }
 
 // GlobalLevel returns the current global log level
 func GlobalLevel() Level {
-	return Level(atomic.LoadUint32(gLevel))
+	return Level(atomic.LoadInt32(gLevel))
 }
 
 // DisableSampling will disable sampling in all Loggers if true.
 func DisableSampling(v bool) {
-	var i uint32
+	var i int32
 	if v {
 		i = 1
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint32(disableSampling, i)
+	atomic.StoreInt32(disableSampling, i)
 }
 
 func samplingDisabled() bool {
-	return atomic.LoadUint32(disableSampling) == 1
+	return atomic.LoadInt32(disableSampling) == 1
 }

go.mod

@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-module github.com/rs/zerolog
+module tuxpa.in/a/zlog
+
+go 1.15
+
+require (
+	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
+	github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0
+	github.com/rs/zerolog v1.28.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220915200043-7b5979e65e41 // indirect
+)

go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.3.3-0.20220203105225-a9a7ef127534/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 h1:RrqgGjYQKalulkV8NGVIfkXQf6YYmOyiJKk8iXXhfZs=
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
+github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.4/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5xrFpKfA=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12 h1:jF+Du6AlPIjs2BiUiQlKOX0rt3SujHxPnksPKZbaA40=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12/go.mod h1:u5H1YNBxpqRaxsYJYSkiCWKzEfiAb1Gb520KVy5xxl4=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 h1:yVuAays6BHfxijgZPzw+3Zlu5yQgKGP2/hcQbHb7S9Y=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14/go.mod h1:7GGIvUiUoEMVVmxf/4nioHXj79iQHKdU27kJ6hsGG94=
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
+github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
+github.com/rs/xid v1.4.0/go.mod h1:trrq9SKmegXys3aeAKXMUTdJsYXVwGY3RLcfgqegfbg=
+github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 h1:mKX4bl4iPYJtEIxp6CYiUuLQ/8DYMoz0PUdtGgMFRVc=
+github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0/go.mod h1:trrq9SKmegXys3aeAKXMUTdJsYXVwGY3RLcfgqegfbg=
+github.com/rs/zerolog v1.28.0 h1:MirSo27VyNi7RJYP3078AA1+Cyzd2GB66qy3aUHvsWY=
+github.com/rs/zerolog v1.28.0/go.mod h1:NILgTygv/Uej1ra5XxGf82ZFSLk58MFGAUS2o6usyD0=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210927094055-39ccf1dd6fa6/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220915200043-7b5979e65e41 h1:ohgcoMbSofXygzo6AD2I1kz3BFmW1QArPYTtwEM3UXc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220915200043-7b5979e65e41/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=

go112.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// +build go1.12
+
+package zlog
+
+// Since go 1.12, some auto generated init functions are hidden from
+// runtime.Caller.
+const contextCallerSkipFrameCount = 2

hlog/hlog.go

@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
-// Package hlog provides a set of http.Handler helpers for zerolog.
+// Package hlog provides a set of http.Handler helpers for zlog.
 package hlog
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/hlog/internal/mutil"
-	"github.com/zenazn/goji/web/mutil"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 )
 
 // FromRequest gets the logger in the request's context.
 // This is a shortcut for log.Ctx(r.Context())
-func FromRequest(r *http.Request) *zerolog.Logger {
+func FromRequest(r *http.Request) *zlog.Logger {
 	return log.Ctx(r.Context())
 }
 
 // NewHandler injects log into requests context.
-func NewHandler(log zerolog.Logger) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+func NewHandler(log zlog.Logger) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			// Create a copy of the logger (including internal context slice)
@@ -37,8 +36,8 @@ func NewHandler(log zerolog.Logger) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 func URLHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			log := zerolog.Ctx(r.Context())
+			log := zlog.Ctx(r.Context())
-			log.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
+			log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
 				return c.Str(fieldKey, r.URL.String())
 			})
 			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -51,8 +50,8 @@ func URLHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 func MethodHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			log := zerolog.Ctx(r.Context())
+			log := zlog.Ctx(r.Context())
-			log.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
+			log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
 				return c.Str(fieldKey, r.Method)
 			})
 			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -65,8 +64,8 @@ func MethodHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 func RequestHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			log := zerolog.Ctx(r.Context())
+			log := zlog.Ctx(r.Context())
-			log.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
+			log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
 				return c.Str(fieldKey, r.Method+" "+r.URL.String())
 			})
 			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -79,10 +78,10 @@ func RequestHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 func RemoteAddrHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			if host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr); err == nil {
+			if r.RemoteAddr != "" {
-				log := zerolog.Ctx(r.Context())
+				log := zlog.Ctx(r.Context())
-				log.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
+				log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
-					return c.Str(fieldKey, host)
+					return c.Str(fieldKey, r.RemoteAddr)
 				})
 			}
 			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -96,8 +95,8 @@ func UserAgentHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			if ua := r.Header.Get("User-Agent"); ua != "" {
-				log := zerolog.Ctx(r.Context())
+				log := zlog.Ctx(r.Context())
-				log.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
+				log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
 					return c.Str(fieldKey, ua)
 				})
 			}
@@ -112,8 +111,8 @@ func RefererHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			if ref := r.Header.Get("Referer"); ref != "" {
-				log := zerolog.Ctx(r.Context())
+				log := zlog.Ctx(r.Context())
-				log.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
+				log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
 					return c.Str(fieldKey, ref)
 				})
 			}
@@ -122,6 +121,20 @@ func RefererHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	}
 }
 
+// ProtoHandler adds the requests protocol version as a field to the context logger
+// using fieldKey as field Key.
+func ProtoHandler(fieldKey string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			log := zlog.Ctx(r.Context())
+			log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
+				return c.Str(fieldKey, r.Proto)
+			})
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 type idKey struct{}
 
 // IDFromRequest returns the unique id associated to the request if any.
@@ -129,10 +142,20 @@ func IDFromRequest(r *http.Request) (id xid.ID, ok bool) {
 	if r == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	id, ok = r.Context().Value(idKey{}).(xid.ID)
+	return IDFromCtx(r.Context())
+}
+
+// IDFromCtx returns the unique id associated to the context if any.
+func IDFromCtx(ctx context.Context) (id xid.ID, ok bool) {
+	id, ok = ctx.Value(idKey{}).(xid.ID)
 	return
 }
 
+// CtxWithID adds the given xid.ID to the context
+func CtxWithID(ctx context.Context, id xid.ID) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, idKey{}, id)
+}
+
 // RequestIDHandler returns a handler setting a unique id to the request which can
 // be gathered using IDFromRequest(req). This generated id is added as a field to the
 // logger using the passed fieldKey as field name. The id is also added as a response
@@ -149,12 +172,12 @@ func RequestIDHandler(fieldKey, headerName string) func(next http.Handler) http.
 			id, ok := IDFromRequest(r)
 			if !ok {
 				id = xid.New()
-				ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, idKey{}, id)
+				ctx = CtxWithID(ctx, id)
 				r = r.WithContext(ctx)
 			}
 			if fieldKey != "" {
-				log := zerolog.Ctx(ctx)
+				log := zlog.Ctx(ctx)
-				log.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
+				log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
 					return c.Str(fieldKey, id.String())
 				})
 			}
@@ -166,6 +189,22 @@ func RequestIDHandler(fieldKey, headerName string) func(next http.Handler) http.
 	}
 }
 
+// CustomHeaderHandler adds given header from request's header as a field to
+// the context's logger using fieldKey as field key.
+func CustomHeaderHandler(fieldKey, header string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			if val := r.Header.Get(header); val != "" {
+				log := zlog.Ctx(r.Context())
+				log.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
+					return c.Str(fieldKey, val)
+				})
+			}
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // AccessHandler returns a handler that call f after each request.
 func AccessHandler(f func(r *http.Request, status, size int, duration time.Duration)) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {

hlog/hlog_example_test.go

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 
 	"net/http/httptest"
 
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/hlog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/hlog"
 )
 
 // fake alice to avoid dep
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ func (a alice) Then(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
 }
 
 func init() {
-	zerolog.TimestampFunc = func() time.Time {
+	zlog.TimestampFunc = func() time.Time {
 		return time.Date(2001, time.February, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, time.UTC)
 	}
 }
 
 func Example_handler() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Timestamp().
 		Str("role", "my-service").
 		Str("host", "local-hostname").
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ func Example_handler() {
 	// Install the logger handler with default output on the console
 	c = c.Append(hlog.NewHandler(log))
 
-	// Install some provided extra handler to set some request's context fields.
+	// Install some provided extra handlers to set some request's context fields.
-	// Thanks to those handler, all our logs will come with some pre-populated fields.
+	// Thanks to those handlers, all our logs will come with some pre-populated fields.
 	c = c.Append(hlog.RemoteAddrHandler("ip"))
 	c = c.Append(hlog.UserAgentHandler("user_agent"))
 	c = c.Append(hlog.RefererHandler("referer"))
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ func Example_handler() {
 		hlog.FromRequest(r).Info().
 			Str("user", "current user").
 			Str("status", "ok").
-			Msg("Something happend")
+			Msg("Something happened")
 	}))
 	http.Handle("/", h)
 
 	h.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), &http.Request{})
 
-	// Output: {"level":"info","role":"my-service","host":"local-hostname","user":"current user","status":"ok","time":"2001-02-03T04:05:06Z","message":"Something happend"}
+	// Output: {"level":"info","role":"my-service","host":"local-hostname","user":"current user","status":"ok","time":"2001-02-03T04:05:06Z","message":"Something happened"}
 }

hlog/hlog_test.go

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
+//go:build go1.7
 // +build go1.7
 
 package hlog
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
-	"reflect"
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
-
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-	"net/http/httptest"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/internal/cbor"
-
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/internal/cbor"
 )
 
 func decodeIfBinary(out *bytes.Buffer) string {
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ func decodeIfBinary(out *bytes.Buffer) string {
 }
 
 func TestNewHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	log := zerolog.New(nil).With().
+	log := zlog.New(nil).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Logger()
 	lh := NewHandler(log)
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ func TestURLHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
 		l.Log().Msg("")
 	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
 	if want, got := `{"url":"/path?foo=bar"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ func TestMethodHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
 		l.Log().Msg("")
 	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
 	if want, got := `{"method":"POST"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ func TestRequestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
 		l.Log().Msg("")
 	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
 	if want, got := `{"request":"POST /path?foo=bar"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
@@ -98,9 +99,9 @@ func TestRemoteAddrHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
 		l.Log().Msg("")
 	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
-	if want, got := `{"ip":"1.2.3.4"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
+	if want, got := `{"ip":"1.2.3.4:1234"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -114,9 +115,9 @@ func TestRemoteAddrHandlerIPv6(t *testing.T) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
 		l.Log().Msg("")
 	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
-	if want, got := `{"ip":"2001:db8:a0b:12f0::1"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
+	if want, got := `{"ip":"[2001:db8:a0b:12f0::1]:1234"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ func TestUserAgentHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
 		l.Log().Msg("")
 	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
 	if want, got := `{"ua":"some user agent string"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ func TestRefererHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
 		l.Log().Msg("")
 	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
 	if want, got := `{"referer":"http://foo.com/bar"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
@@ -178,10 +179,44 @@ func TestRequestIDHandler(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
 		}
 	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), r)
 }
 
+func TestCustomHeaderHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	r := &http.Request{
+		Header: http.Header{
+			"X-Request-Id": []string{"514bbe5bb5251c92bd07a9846f4a1ab6"},
+		},
+	}
+	h := CustomHeaderHandler("reqID", "X-Request-Id")(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		l := FromRequest(r)
+		l.Log().Msg("")
+	}))
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
+	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
+	if want, got := `{"reqID":"514bbe5bb5251c92bd07a9846f4a1ab6"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
+		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProtoHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	r := &http.Request{
+		Proto: "test",
+	}
+	h := ProtoHandler("proto")(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		l := FromRequest(r)
+		l.Log().Msg("")
+	}))
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
+	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
+	if want, got := `{"proto":"test"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
+		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCombinedHandlers(t *testing.T) {
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	r := &http.Request{
@@ -192,7 +227,7 @@ func TestCombinedHandlers(t *testing.T) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
 		l.Log().Msg("")
 	}))))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
+	h = NewHandler(zlog.New(out))(h)
 	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
 	if want, got := `{"method":"POST","request":"POST /path?foo=bar","url":"/path?foo=bar"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
@@ -210,10 +245,10 @@ func BenchmarkHandlers(b *testing.B) {
 	}))
 	h2 := MethodHandler("method")(RequestHandler("request")(h1))
 	handlers := map[string]http.Handler{
-		"Single":           NewHandler(zerolog.New(ioutil.Discard))(h1),
+		"Single":           NewHandler(zlog.New(ioutil.Discard))(h1),
-		"Combined":         NewHandler(zerolog.New(ioutil.Discard))(h2),
+		"Combined":         NewHandler(zlog.New(ioutil.Discard))(h2),
-		"SingleDisabled":   NewHandler(zerolog.New(ioutil.Discard).Level(zerolog.Disabled))(h1),
+		"SingleDisabled":   NewHandler(zlog.New(ioutil.Discard).Level(zlog.Disabled))(h1),
-		"CombinedDisabled": NewHandler(zerolog.New(ioutil.Discard).Level(zerolog.Disabled))(h2),
+		"CombinedDisabled": NewHandler(zlog.New(ioutil.Discard).Level(zlog.Disabled))(h2),
 	}
 	for name := range handlers {
 		h := handlers[name]
@@ -226,13 +261,13 @@ func BenchmarkHandlers(b *testing.B) {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkDataRace(b *testing.B) {
-	log := zerolog.New(nil).With().
+	log := zlog.New(nil).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Logger()
 	lh := NewHandler(log)
 	h := lh(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		l := FromRequest(r)
-		l.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
+		l.UpdateContext(func(c zlog.Context) zlog.Context {
 			return c.Str("bar", "baz")
 		})
 		l.Log().Msg("")
@@ -244,3 +279,16 @@ func BenchmarkDataRace(b *testing.B) {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+func TestCtxWithID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	id, _ := xid.FromString(`c0umremcie6smuu506pg`)
+
+	want := context.Background()
+	want = context.WithValue(want, idKey{}, id)
+
+	if got := CtxWithID(ctx, id); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("CtxWithID() = %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}

hlog/internal/mutil/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014, 2015, 2016 Carl Jackson (carl@avtok.com)
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

hlog/internal/mutil/mutil.go

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Package mutil contains various functions that are helpful when writing http
+// middleware.
+//
+// It has been vendored from Goji v1.0, with the exception of the code for Go 1.8:
+// https://github.com/zenazn/goji/
+package mutil

hlog/internal/mutil/writer_proxy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package mutil
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// WriterProxy is a proxy around an http.ResponseWriter that allows you to hook
+// into various parts of the response process.
+type WriterProxy interface {
+	http.ResponseWriter
+	// Status returns the HTTP status of the request, or 0 if one has not
+	// yet been sent.
+	Status() int
+	// BytesWritten returns the total number of bytes sent to the client.
+	BytesWritten() int
+	// Tee causes the response body to be written to the given io.Writer in
+	// addition to proxying the writes through. Only one io.Writer can be
+	// tee'd to at once: setting a second one will overwrite the first.
+	// Writes will be sent to the proxy before being written to this
+	// io.Writer. It is illegal for the tee'd writer to be modified
+	// concurrently with writes.
+	Tee(io.Writer)
+	// Unwrap returns the original proxied target.
+	Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter
+}
+
+// WrapWriter wraps an http.ResponseWriter, returning a proxy that allows you to
+// hook into various parts of the response process.
+func WrapWriter(w http.ResponseWriter) WriterProxy {
+	_, cn := w.(http.CloseNotifier)
+	_, fl := w.(http.Flusher)
+	_, hj := w.(http.Hijacker)
+	_, rf := w.(io.ReaderFrom)
+
+	bw := basicWriter{ResponseWriter: w}
+	if cn && fl && hj && rf {
+		return &fancyWriter{bw}
+	}
+	if fl {
+		return &flushWriter{bw}
+	}
+	return &bw
+}
+
+// basicWriter wraps a http.ResponseWriter that implements the minimal
+// http.ResponseWriter interface.
+type basicWriter struct {
+	http.ResponseWriter
+	wroteHeader bool
+	code        int
+	bytes       int
+	tee         io.Writer
+}
+
+func (b *basicWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
+	if !b.wroteHeader {
+		b.code = code
+		b.wroteHeader = true
+		b.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *basicWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
+	b.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	n, err := b.ResponseWriter.Write(buf)
+	if b.tee != nil {
+		_, err2 := b.tee.Write(buf[:n])
+		// Prefer errors generated by the proxied writer.
+		if err == nil {
+			err = err2
+		}
+	}
+	b.bytes += n
+	return n, err
+}
+
+func (b *basicWriter) maybeWriteHeader() {
+	if !b.wroteHeader {
+		b.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *basicWriter) Status() int {
+	return b.code
+}
+
+func (b *basicWriter) BytesWritten() int {
+	return b.bytes
+}
+
+func (b *basicWriter) Tee(w io.Writer) {
+	b.tee = w
+}
+
+func (b *basicWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
+	return b.ResponseWriter
+}
+
+// fancyWriter is a writer that additionally satisfies http.CloseNotifier,
+// http.Flusher, http.Hijacker, and io.ReaderFrom. It exists for the common case
+// of wrapping the http.ResponseWriter that package http gives you, in order to
+// make the proxied object support the full method set of the proxied object.
+type fancyWriter struct {
+	basicWriter
+}
+
+func (f *fancyWriter) CloseNotify() <-chan bool {
+	cn := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(http.CloseNotifier)
+	return cn.CloseNotify()
+}
+
+func (f *fancyWriter) Flush() {
+	fl := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher)
+	fl.Flush()
+}
+
+func (f *fancyWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
+	hj := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker)
+	return hj.Hijack()
+}
+
+func (f *fancyWriter) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	if f.basicWriter.tee != nil {
+		n, err := io.Copy(&f.basicWriter, r)
+		f.bytes += int(n)
+		return n, err
+	}
+	rf := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(io.ReaderFrom)
+	f.basicWriter.maybeWriteHeader()
+
+	n, err := rf.ReadFrom(r)
+	f.bytes += int(n)
+	return n, err
+}
+
+type flushWriter struct {
+	basicWriter
+}
+
+func (f *flushWriter) Flush() {
+	fl := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher)
+	fl.Flush()
+}
+
+var (
+	_ http.CloseNotifier = &fancyWriter{}
+	_ http.Flusher       = &fancyWriter{}
+	_ http.Hijacker      = &fancyWriter{}
+	_ io.ReaderFrom      = &fancyWriter{}
+	_ http.Flusher       = &flushWriter{}
+)

hook.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 // Hook defines an interface to a log hook.
 type Hook interface {
@@ -6,14 +6,27 @@ type Hook interface {
 	Run(e *Event, level Level, message string)
 }
 
+// HookFunc is an adaptor to allow the use of an ordinary function
+// as a Hook.
+type HookFunc func(e *Event, level Level, message string)
+
+// Run implements the Hook interface.
+func (h HookFunc) Run(e *Event, level Level, message string) {
+	h(e, level, message)
+}
+
 // LevelHook applies a different hook for each level.
 type LevelHook struct {
-	NoLevelHook, DebugHook, InfoHook, WarnHook, ErrorHook, FatalHook, PanicHook Hook
+	NoLevelHook, TraceHook, DebugHook, InfoHook, WarnHook, ErrorHook, FatalHook, PanicHook Hook
 }
 
 // Run implements the Hook interface.
 func (h LevelHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, message string) {
 	switch level {
+	case TraceLevel:
+		if h.TraceHook != nil {
+			h.TraceHook.Run(e, level, message)
+		}
 	case DebugLevel:
 		if h.DebugHook != nil {
 			h.DebugHook.Run(e, level, message)

hook_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
@@ -6,204 +6,135 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
-type LevelNameHook struct{}
+var (
-
+	levelNameHook = HookFunc(func(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
-func (h LevelNameHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
 		levelName := level.String()
 		if level == NoLevel {
 			levelName = "nolevel"
 		}
 		e.Str("level_name", levelName)
-}
+	})
-
+	simpleHook = HookFunc(func(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
-type SimpleHook struct{}
-
-func (h SimpleHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
 		e.Bool("has_level", level != NoLevel)
 		e.Str("test", "logged")
-}
+	})
-
+	copyHook = HookFunc(func(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
-type CopyHook struct{}
-
-func (h CopyHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
 		hasLevel := level != NoLevel
 		e.Bool("copy_has_level", hasLevel)
 		if hasLevel {
 			e.Str("copy_level", level.String())
 		}
 		e.Str("copy_msg", msg)
-}
+	})
-
+	nopHook = HookFunc(func(e *Event, level Level, message string) {
-type NopHook struct{}
+	})
-
+	discardHook = HookFunc(func(e *Event, level Level, message string) {
-func (h NopHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
+		e.Discard()
-}
+	})
-
-var (
-	levelNameHook LevelNameHook
-	simpleHook    SimpleHook
-	copyHook      CopyHook
-	nopHook       NopHook
 )
 
 func TestHook(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("Message", func(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		name string
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook)
+		want string
+		test func(log Logger)
+	}{
+		{"Message", `{"level_name":"nolevel","message":"test message"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook)
 			log.Log().Msg("test message")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level_name":"nolevel","message":"test message"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"NoLevel", `{"level_name":"nolevel"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("NoLevel", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook)
 			log.Log().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level_name":"nolevel"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Print", `{"level":"debug","level_name":"debug"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("Print", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook)
 			log.Print("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"debug","level_name":"debug"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Error", `{"level":"error","level_name":"error"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("Error", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","level_name":"error"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Copy/1", `{"copy_has_level":false,"copy_msg":""}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(copyHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("Copy/1", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(copyHook)
 			log.Log().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"copy_has_level":false,"copy_msg":""}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Copy/2", `{"level":"info","copy_has_level":true,"copy_level":"info","copy_msg":"a message","message":"a message"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(copyHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("Copy/2", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(copyHook)
 			log.Info().Msg("a message")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"info","copy_has_level":true,"copy_level":"info","copy_msg":"a message","message":"a message"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Multi", `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("Multi", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Multi/Message", `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged","message":"a message"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("Multi/Message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("a message")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged","message":"a message"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Output/single/pre", `{"level":"error","level_name":"error"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("Output/single/pre", func(t *testing.T) {
 			ignored := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			log = New(ignored).Hook(levelNameHook).Output(log.w)
-		log := New(ignored).Hook(levelNameHook).Output(out)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","level_name":"error"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Output/single/post", `{"level":"error","level_name":"error"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("Output/single/post", func(t *testing.T) {
 			ignored := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			log = New(ignored).Output(log.w).Hook(levelNameHook)
-		log := New(ignored).Output(out).Hook(levelNameHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","level_name":"error"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Output/multi/pre", `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("Output/multi/pre", func(t *testing.T) {
 			ignored := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			log = New(ignored).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook).Output(log.w)
-		log := New(ignored).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook).Output(out)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Output/multi/post", `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("Output/multi/post", func(t *testing.T) {
 			ignored := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			log = New(ignored).Output(log.w).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook)
-		log := New(ignored).Output(out).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Output/mixed", `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("Output/mixed", func(t *testing.T) {
 			ignored := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			log = New(ignored).Hook(levelNameHook).Output(log.w).Hook(simpleHook)
-		log := New(ignored).Hook(levelNameHook).Output(out).Hook(simpleHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"With/single/pre", `{"level":"error","with":"pre","level_name":"error"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook).With().Str("with", "pre").Logger()
-	})
-	t.Run("With/single/pre", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook).With().Str("with", "pre").Logger()
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","with":"pre","level_name":"error"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"With/single/post", `{"level":"error","with":"post","level_name":"error"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.With().Str("with", "post").Logger().Hook(levelNameHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("With/single/post", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).With().Str("with", "post").Logger().Hook(levelNameHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","with":"post","level_name":"error"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"With/multi/pre", `{"level":"error","with":"pre","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook).With().Str("with", "pre").Logger()
-	})
-	t.Run("With/multi/pre", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook).With().Str("with", "pre").Logger()
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","with":"pre","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"With/multi/post", `{"level":"error","with":"post","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.With().Str("with", "post").Logger().Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("With/multi/post", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).With().Str("with", "post").Logger().Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(simpleHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","with":"post","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"With/mixed", `{"level":"error","with":"mixed","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
-		}
+			log = log.Hook(levelNameHook).With().Str("with", "mixed").Logger().Hook(simpleHook)
-	})
-	t.Run("With/mixed", func(t *testing.T) {
-		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		log := New(out).Hook(levelNameHook).With().Str("with", "mixed").Logger().Hook(simpleHook)
 			log.Error().Msg("")
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error","with":"mixed","level_name":"error","has_level":true,"test":"logged"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		}},
-			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		{"Discard", "", func(log Logger) {
+			log = log.Hook(discardHook)
+			log.Log().Msg("test message")
+		}},
+		{"None", `{"level":"error"}` + "\n", func(log Logger) {
+			log.Error().Msg("")
+		}},
 	}
-	})
+	for _, tt := range tests {
-	t.Run("None", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 			log := New(out)
-		log.Error().Msg("")
+			tt.test(log)
-		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"error"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+			if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), tt.want; got != want {
 				t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 			}
 		})
+	}
 }
 
 func BenchmarkHooks(b *testing.B) {

internal/cbor/base.go

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 package cbor
 
+// JSONMarshalFunc is used to marshal interface to JSON encoded byte slice.
+// Making it package level instead of embedded in Encoder brings
+// some extra efforts at importing, but avoids value copy when the functions
+// of Encoder being invoked.
+// DO REMEMBER to set this variable at importing, or
+// you might get a nil pointer dereference panic at runtime.
+var JSONMarshalFunc func(v interface{}) ([]byte, error)
+
 type Encoder struct{}
 
 // AppendKey adds a key (string) to the binary encoded log message

internal/cbor/cbor.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ const (
 
 	// Tag Sub-types.
 	additionalTypeTimestamp    byte = 01
+	additionalTypeEmbeddedCBOR byte = 63
 
 	// Extended Tags - from https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
 	additionalTypeTagNetworkAddr   uint16 = 260
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ const (
 var IntegerTimeFieldFormat = time.RFC3339
 
 // NanoTimeFieldFormat indicates the format of timestamp decoded
-// from a float value (time in seconds and nano seconds).
+// from a float value (time in seconds and nanoseconds).
 var NanoTimeFieldFormat = time.RFC3339Nano
 
 func appendCborTypePrefix(dst []byte, major byte, number uint64) []byte {
@@ -91,7 +92,8 @@ func appendCborTypePrefix(dst []byte, major byte, number uint64) []byte {
 		minor = additionalTypeIntUint64
 
 	}
-	dst = append(dst, byte(major|minor))
+
+	dst = append(dst, major|minor)
 	byteCount--
 	for ; byteCount >= 0; byteCount-- {
 		dst = append(dst, byte(number>>(uint(byteCount)*8)))

internal/cbor/decode_stream.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package cbor
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math"
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ func readByte(src *bufio.Reader) byte {
 	return b
 }
 
-func decodeIntAdditonalType(src *bufio.Reader, minor byte) int64 {
+func decodeIntAdditionalType(src *bufio.Reader, minor byte) int64 {
 	val := int64(0)
 	if minor <= 23 {
 		val = int64(minor)
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ func decodeInteger(src *bufio.Reader) int64 {
 	if major != majorTypeUnsignedInt && major != majorTypeNegativeInt {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("Major type is: %d in decodeInteger!! (expected 0 or 1)", major))
 	}
-	val := decodeIntAdditonalType(src, minor)
+	val := decodeIntAdditionalType(src, minor)
 	if major == 0 {
 		return val
 	}
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ func decodeString(src *bufio.Reader, noQuotes bool) []byte {
 	if !noQuotes {
 		result = append(result, '"')
 	}
-	length := decodeIntAdditonalType(src, minor)
+	length := decodeIntAdditionalType(src, minor)
 	len := int(length)
 	pbs := readNBytes(src, len)
 	result = append(result, pbs...)
@@ -213,6 +214,31 @@ func decodeString(src *bufio.Reader, noQuotes bool) []byte {
 	}
 	return append(result, '"')
 }
+func decodeStringToDataUrl(src *bufio.Reader, mimeType string) []byte {
+	pb := readByte(src)
+	major := pb & maskOutAdditionalType
+	minor := pb & maskOutMajorType
+	if major != majorTypeByteString {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("Major type is: %d in decodeString", major))
+	}
+	length := decodeIntAdditionalType(src, minor)
+	l := int(length)
+	enc := base64.StdEncoding
+	lEnc := enc.EncodedLen(l)
+	result := make([]byte, len("\"data:;base64,\"")+len(mimeType)+lEnc)
+	dest := result
+	u := copy(dest, "\"data:")
+	dest = dest[u:]
+	u = copy(dest, mimeType)
+	dest = dest[u:]
+	u = copy(dest, ";base64,")
+	dest = dest[u:]
+	pbs := readNBytes(src, l)
+	enc.Encode(dest, pbs)
+	dest = dest[lEnc:]
+	dest[0] = '"'
+	return result
+}
 
 func decodeUTF8String(src *bufio.Reader) []byte {
 	pb := readByte(src)
@@ -222,7 +248,7 @@ func decodeUTF8String(src *bufio.Reader) []byte {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("Major type is: %d in decodeUTF8String", major))
 	}
 	result := []byte{'"'}
-	length := decodeIntAdditonalType(src, minor)
+	length := decodeIntAdditionalType(src, minor)
 	len := int(length)
 	pbs := readNBytes(src, len)
 
@@ -238,7 +264,7 @@ func decodeUTF8String(src *bufio.Reader) []byte {
 			return append(dst, '"')
 		}
 	}
-	// The string has no need for encoding an therefore is directly
+	// The string has no need for encoding and therefore is directly
 	// appended to the byte slice.
 	result = append(result, pbs...)
 	return append(result, '"')
@@ -257,7 +283,7 @@ func array2Json(src *bufio.Reader, dst io.Writer) {
 	if minor == additionalTypeInfiniteCount {
 		unSpecifiedCount = true
 	} else {
-		length := decodeIntAdditonalType(src, minor)
+		length := decodeIntAdditionalType(src, minor)
 		len = int(length)
 	}
 	for i := 0; unSpecifiedCount || i < len; i++ {
@@ -266,7 +292,7 @@ func array2Json(src *bufio.Reader, dst io.Writer) {
 			if e != nil {
 				panic(e)
 			}
-			if pb[0] == byte(majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak) {
+			if pb[0] == majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak {
 				readByte(src)
 				break
 			}
@@ -277,7 +303,7 @@ func array2Json(src *bufio.Reader, dst io.Writer) {
 			if e != nil {
 				panic(e)
 			}
-			if pb[0] == byte(majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak) {
+			if pb[0] == majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak {
 				readByte(src)
 				break
 			}
@@ -301,7 +327,7 @@ func map2Json(src *bufio.Reader, dst io.Writer) {
 	if minor == additionalTypeInfiniteCount {
 		unSpecifiedCount = true
 	} else {
-		length := decodeIntAdditonalType(src, minor)
+		length := decodeIntAdditionalType(src, minor)
 		len = int(length)
 	}
 	dst.Write([]byte{'{'})
@@ -311,7 +337,7 @@ func map2Json(src *bufio.Reader, dst io.Writer) {
 			if e != nil {
 				panic(e)
 			}
-			if pb[0] == byte(majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak) {
+			if pb[0] == majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak {
 				readByte(src)
 				break
 			}
@@ -326,7 +352,7 @@ func map2Json(src *bufio.Reader, dst io.Writer) {
 				if e != nil {
 					panic(e)
 				}
-				if pb[0] == byte(majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak) {
+				if pb[0] == majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak {
 					readByte(src)
 					break
 				}
@@ -349,10 +375,24 @@ func decodeTagData(src *bufio.Reader) []byte {
 	switch minor {
 	case additionalTypeTimestamp:
 		return decodeTimeStamp(src)
+	case additionalTypeIntUint8:
+		val := decodeIntAdditionalType(src, minor)
+		switch byte(val) {
+		case additionalTypeEmbeddedCBOR:
+			pb := readByte(src)
+			dataMajor := pb & maskOutAdditionalType
+			if dataMajor != majorTypeByteString {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("Unsupported embedded Type: %d in decodeEmbeddedCBOR", dataMajor))
+			}
+			src.UnreadByte()
+			return decodeStringToDataUrl(src, "application/cbor")
+		default:
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("Unsupported Additional Tag Type: %d in decodeTagData", val))
+		}
 
 	// Tag value is larger than 256 (so uint16).
 	case additionalTypeIntUint16:
-		val := decodeIntAdditonalType(src, minor)
+		val := decodeIntAdditionalType(src, minor)
 
 		switch uint16(val) {
 		case additionalTypeEmbeddedJSON:
@@ -383,7 +423,7 @@ func decodeTagData(src *bufio.Reader) []byte {
 
 		case additionalTypeTagNetworkPrefix:
 			pb := readByte(src)
-			if pb != byte(majorTypeMap|0x1) {
+			if pb != majorTypeMap|0x1 {
 				panic(fmt.Errorf("IP Prefix is NOT of MAP of 1 elements as expected"))
 			}
 			octets := decodeString(src, true)

internal/cbor/examples/genLog.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
 )
 
 func writeLog(fname string, count int, useCompress bool) {
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ func writeLog(fname string, count int, useCompress bool) {
 
 	}
 
-	zerolog.TimestampFunc = func() time.Time { return time.Now().Round(time.Second) }
+	zlog.TimestampFunc = func() time.Time { return time.Now().Round(time.Second) }
-	log := zerolog.New(f).With().
+	log := zlog.New(f).With().
 		Timestamp().
 		Logger()
 	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {

internal/cbor/string.go

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package cbor
 
+import "fmt"
+
 // AppendStrings encodes and adds an array of strings to the dst byte array.
 func (e Encoder) AppendStrings(dst []byte, vals []string) []byte {
 	major := majorTypeArray
 	l := len(vals)
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -23,13 +25,38 @@ func (Encoder) AppendString(dst []byte, s string) []byte {
 	l := len(s)
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, majorTypeUtf8String, uint64(l))
 	}
 	return append(dst, s...)
 }
 
+// AppendStringers encodes and adds an array of Stringer values
+// to the dst byte array.
+func (e Encoder) AppendStringers(dst []byte, vals []fmt.Stringer) []byte {
+	if len(vals) == 0 {
+		return e.AppendArrayEnd(e.AppendArrayStart(dst))
+	}
+	dst = e.AppendArrayStart(dst)
+	dst = e.AppendStringer(dst, vals[0])
+	if len(vals) > 1 {
+		for _, val := range vals[1:] {
+			dst = e.AppendStringer(dst, val)
+		}
+	}
+	return e.AppendArrayEnd(dst)
+}
+
+// AppendStringer encodes and adds the Stringer value to the dst
+// byte array.
+func (e Encoder) AppendStringer(dst []byte, val fmt.Stringer) []byte {
+	if val == nil {
+		return e.AppendNil(dst)
+	}
+	return e.AppendString(dst, val.String())
+}
+
 // AppendBytes encodes and adds an array of bytes to the dst byte array.
 func (Encoder) AppendBytes(dst, s []byte) []byte {
 	major := majorTypeByteString
@@ -37,7 +64,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendBytes(dst, s []byte) []byte {
 	l := len(s)
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -50,7 +77,7 @@ func AppendEmbeddedJSON(dst, s []byte) []byte {
 	minor := additionalTypeEmbeddedJSON
 
 	// Append the TAG to indicate this is Embedded JSON.
-	dst = append(dst, byte(major|additionalTypeIntUint16))
+	dst = append(dst, major|additionalTypeIntUint16)
 	dst = append(dst, byte(minor>>8))
 	dst = append(dst, byte(minor&0xff))
 
@@ -60,7 +87,29 @@ func AppendEmbeddedJSON(dst, s []byte) []byte {
 	l := len(s)
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
+	} else {
+		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
+	}
+	return append(dst, s...)
+}
+
+// AppendEmbeddedCBOR adds a tag and embeds input CBOR as such.
+func AppendEmbeddedCBOR(dst, s []byte) []byte {
+	major := majorTypeTags
+	minor := additionalTypeEmbeddedCBOR
+
+	// Append the TAG to indicate this is Embedded JSON.
+	dst = append(dst, major|additionalTypeIntUint8)
+	dst = append(dst, minor)
+
+	// Append the CBOR Object as Byte String.
+	major = majorTypeByteString
+
+	l := len(s)
+	if l <= additionalMax {
+		lb := byte(l)
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}

internal/cbor/time.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 func appendIntegerTimestamp(dst []byte, t time.Time) []byte {
 	major := majorTypeTags
 	minor := additionalTypeTimestamp
-	dst = append(dst, byte(major|minor))
+	dst = append(dst, major|minor)
 	secs := t.Unix()
 	var val uint64
 	if secs < 0 {
@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ func appendIntegerTimestamp(dst []byte, t time.Time) []byte {
 		major = majorTypeUnsignedInt
 		val = uint64(secs)
 	}
-	dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(val))
+	dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, val)
 	return dst
 }
 
 func (e Encoder) appendFloatTimestamp(dst []byte, t time.Time) []byte {
 	major := majorTypeTags
 	minor := additionalTypeTimestamp
-	dst = append(dst, byte(major|minor))
+	dst = append(dst, major|minor)
 	secs := t.Unix()
 	nanos := t.Nanosecond()
 	var val float64
-	val = float64(secs)*1.0 + float64(nanos)*1E-9
+	val = float64(secs)*1.0 + float64(nanos)*1e-9
 	return e.AppendFloat64(dst, val)
 }
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendTimes(dst []byte, vals []time.Time, unused string) []byte
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendDurations(dst []byte, vals []time.Duration, unit time.Dur
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}

internal/cbor/types.go

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 package cbor
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"net"
+	"reflect"
 )
 
 // AppendNil inserts a 'Nil' object into the dst byte array.
 func (Encoder) AppendNil(dst []byte) []byte {
-	return append(dst, byte(majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeNull))
+	return append(dst, majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeNull)
 }
 
 // AppendBeginMarker inserts a map start into the dst byte array.
 func (Encoder) AppendBeginMarker(dst []byte) []byte {
-	return append(dst, byte(majorTypeMap|additionalTypeInfiniteCount))
+	return append(dst, majorTypeMap|additionalTypeInfiniteCount)
 }
 
 // AppendEndMarker inserts a map end into the dst byte array.
 func (Encoder) AppendEndMarker(dst []byte) []byte {
-	return append(dst, byte(majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak))
+	return append(dst, majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak)
 }
 
 // AppendObjectData takes an object in form of a byte array and appends to dst.
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ func (Encoder) AppendObjectData(dst []byte, o []byte) []byte {
 
 // AppendArrayStart adds markers to indicate the start of an array.
 func (Encoder) AppendArrayStart(dst []byte) []byte {
-	return append(dst, byte(majorTypeArray|additionalTypeInfiniteCount))
+	return append(dst, majorTypeArray|additionalTypeInfiniteCount)
 }
 
 // AppendArrayEnd adds markers to indicate the end of an array.
 func (Encoder) AppendArrayEnd(dst []byte) []byte {
-	return append(dst, byte(majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak))
+	return append(dst, majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|additionalTypeBreak)
 }
 
 // AppendArrayDelim adds markers to indicate end of a particular array element.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendBool(dst []byte, val bool) []byte {
 	if val {
 		b = additionalTypeBoolTrue
 	}
-	return append(dst, byte(majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|b))
+	return append(dst, majorTypeSimpleAndFloat|b)
 }
 
 // AppendBools encodes and inserts an array of boolean values into the dst byte array.
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendBools(dst []byte, vals []bool) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendInt(dst []byte, val int) []byte {
 	}
 	if contentVal <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(contentVal)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(contentVal))
 	}
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendInts(dst []byte, vals []int) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendInts8(dst []byte, vals []int8) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendInts16(dst []byte, vals []int16) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendInts32(dst []byte, vals []int32) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendInt64(dst []byte, val int64) []byte {
 	}
 	if contentVal <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(contentVal)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(contentVal))
 	}
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendInts64(dst []byte, vals []int64) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendUints(dst []byte, vals []uint) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendUints8(dst []byte, vals []uint8) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendUints16(dst []byte, vals []uint16) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendUints32(dst []byte, vals []uint32) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -325,9 +325,9 @@ func (Encoder) AppendUint64(dst []byte, val uint64) []byte {
 	contentVal := val
 	if contentVal <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(contentVal)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
-		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(contentVal))
+		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, contentVal)
 	}
 	return dst
 }
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendUints64(dst []byte, vals []uint64) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendFloat32(dst []byte, val float32) []byte {
 	for i := uint(0); i < 4; i++ {
 		buf[i] = byte(n >> ((3 - i) * 8))
 	}
-	return append(append(dst, byte(major|subType)), buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3])
+	return append(append(dst, major|subType), buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3])
 }
 
 // AppendFloats32 encodes and inserts an array of single precision float value into the dst byte array.
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendFloats32(dst []byte, vals []float32) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendFloat64(dst []byte, val float64) []byte {
 	major := majorTypeSimpleAndFloat
 	subType := additionalTypeFloat64
 	n := math.Float64bits(val)
-	dst = append(dst, byte(major|subType))
+	dst = append(dst, major|subType)
 	for i := uint(1); i <= 8; i++ {
 		b := byte(n >> ((8 - i) * 8))
 		dst = append(dst, b)
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendFloats64(dst []byte, vals []float64) []byte {
 	}
 	if l <= additionalMax {
 		lb := byte(l)
-		dst = append(dst, byte(major|lb))
+		dst = append(dst, major|lb)
 	} else {
 		dst = appendCborTypePrefix(dst, major, uint64(l))
 	}
@@ -432,16 +432,24 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendFloats64(dst []byte, vals []float64) []byte {
 
 // AppendInterface takes an arbitrary object and converts it to JSON and embeds it dst.
 func (e Encoder) AppendInterface(dst []byte, i interface{}) []byte {
-	marshaled, err := json.Marshal(i)
+	marshaled, err := JSONMarshalFunc(i)
 	if err != nil {
 		return e.AppendString(dst, fmt.Sprintf("marshaling error: %v", err))
 	}
 	return AppendEmbeddedJSON(dst, marshaled)
 }
 
+// AppendType appends the parameter type (as a string) to the input byte slice.
+func (e Encoder) AppendType(dst []byte, i interface{}) []byte {
+	if i == nil {
+		return e.AppendString(dst, "<nil>")
+	}
+	return e.AppendString(dst, reflect.TypeOf(i).String())
+}
+
 // AppendIPAddr encodes and inserts an IP Address (IPv4 or IPv6).
 func (e Encoder) AppendIPAddr(dst []byte, ip net.IP) []byte {
-	dst = append(dst, byte(majorTypeTags|additionalTypeIntUint16))
+	dst = append(dst, majorTypeTags|additionalTypeIntUint16)
 	dst = append(dst, byte(additionalTypeTagNetworkAddr>>8))
 	dst = append(dst, byte(additionalTypeTagNetworkAddr&0xff))
 	return e.AppendBytes(dst, ip)
@@ -449,21 +457,21 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendIPAddr(dst []byte, ip net.IP) []byte {
 
 // AppendIPPrefix encodes and inserts an IP Address Prefix (Address + Mask Length).
 func (e Encoder) AppendIPPrefix(dst []byte, pfx net.IPNet) []byte {
-	dst = append(dst, byte(majorTypeTags|additionalTypeIntUint16))
+	dst = append(dst, majorTypeTags|additionalTypeIntUint16)
 	dst = append(dst, byte(additionalTypeTagNetworkPrefix>>8))
 	dst = append(dst, byte(additionalTypeTagNetworkPrefix&0xff))
 
 	// Prefix is a tuple (aka MAP of 1 pair of elements) -
 	// first element is prefix, second is mask length.
-	dst = append(dst, byte(majorTypeMap|0x1))
+	dst = append(dst, majorTypeMap|0x1)
 	dst = e.AppendBytes(dst, pfx.IP)
 	maskLen, _ := pfx.Mask.Size()
 	return e.AppendUint8(dst, uint8(maskLen))
 }
 
-// AppendMACAddr encodes and inserts an Hardware (MAC) address.
+// AppendMACAddr encodes and inserts a Hardware (MAC) address.
 func (e Encoder) AppendMACAddr(dst []byte, ha net.HardwareAddr) []byte {
-	dst = append(dst, byte(majorTypeTags|additionalTypeIntUint16))
+	dst = append(dst, majorTypeTags|additionalTypeIntUint16)
 	dst = append(dst, byte(additionalTypeTagNetworkAddr>>8))
 	dst = append(dst, byte(additionalTypeTagNetworkAddr&0xff))
 	return e.AppendBytes(dst, ha)
@@ -471,7 +479,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendMACAddr(dst []byte, ha net.HardwareAddr) []byte {
 
 // AppendHex adds a TAG and inserts a hex bytes as a string.
 func (e Encoder) AppendHex(dst []byte, val []byte) []byte {
-	dst = append(dst, byte(majorTypeTags|additionalTypeIntUint16))
+	dst = append(dst, majorTypeTags|additionalTypeIntUint16)
 	dst = append(dst, byte(additionalTypeTagHexString>>8))
 	dst = append(dst, byte(additionalTypeTagHexString&0xff))
 	return e.AppendBytes(dst, val)

internal/cbor/types_64_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// +build !386
+
+package cbor
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var enc2 = Encoder{}
+
+var integerTestCases_64bit = []struct {
+	val    int
+	binary string
+}{
+	// Value in 8 bytes.
+	{0xabcd100000000, "\x1b\x00\x0a\xbc\xd1\x00\x00\x00\x00"},
+	{1000000000000, "\x1b\x00\x00\x00\xe8\xd4\xa5\x10\x00"},
+	// Value in 8 bytes.
+	{-0xabcd100000001, "\x3b\x00\x0a\xbc\xd1\x00\x00\x00\x00"},
+	{-1000000000001, "\x3b\x00\x00\x00\xe8\xd4\xa5\x10\x00"},
+}
+
+func TestAppendInt_64bit(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range integerTestCases_64bit {
+		s := enc2.AppendInt([]byte{}, tc.val)
+		got := string(s)
+		if got != tc.binary {
+			t.Errorf("AppendInt(0x%x)=0x%s, want: 0x%s",
+				tc.val, hex.EncodeToString(s),
+				hex.EncodeToString([]byte(tc.binary)))
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/cbor/types_test.go

@@ -88,11 +88,8 @@ var integerTestCases = []struct {
 	{0xFFFF, "\x19\xff\xff"},
 	// Value in 4 bytes.
 	{0x10000, "\x1a\x00\x01\x00\x00"},
-	{0xFFFFFFFE, "\x1a\xff\xff\xff\xfe"},
+	{0x7FFFFFFE, "\x1a\x7f\xff\xff\xfe"},
 	{1000000, "\x1a\x00\x0f\x42\x40"},
-	// Value in 8 bytes.
-	{0xabcd100000000, "\x1b\x00\x0a\xbc\xd1\x00\x00\x00\x00"},
-	{1000000000000, "\x1b\x00\x00\x00\xe8\xd4\xa5\x10\x00"},
 	// Negative number test cases.
 	// Value included in the type.
 	{-1, "\x20"},
@@ -116,11 +113,8 @@ var integerTestCases = []struct {
 	{-1000, "\x39\x03\xe7"},
 	// Value in 4 bytes.
 	{-0x10001, "\x3a\x00\x01\x00\x00"},
-	{-0xFFFFFFFE, "\x3a\xff\xff\xff\xfd"},
+	{-0x7FFFFFFE, "\x3a\x7f\xff\xff\xfd"},
 	{-1000000, "\x3a\x00\x0f\x42\x3f"},
-	// Value in 8 bytes.
-	{-0xabcd100000001, "\x3b\x00\x0a\xbc\xd1\x00\x00\x00\x00"},
-	{-1000000000001, "\x3b\x00\x00\x00\xe8\xd4\xa5\x10\x00"},
 }
 
 func TestAppendInt(t *testing.T) {
@@ -217,7 +211,7 @@ var macAddrTestCases = []struct {
 	{net.HardwareAddr{0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0x85, 0xa3}, "\"20:01:0d:b8:85:a3\"", "\xd9\x01\x04\x46\x20\x01\x0d\xb8\x85\xa3"},
 }
 
-func TestAppendMacAddr(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAppendMACAddr(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range macAddrTestCases {
 		s := enc.AppendMACAddr([]byte{}, tc.macaddr)
 		got := string(s)

internal/json/base.go

@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
 package json
 
+// JSONMarshalFunc is used to marshal interface to JSON encoded byte slice.
+// Making it package level instead of embedded in Encoder brings
+// some extra efforts at importing, but avoids value copy when the functions
+// of Encoder being invoked.
+// DO REMEMBER to set this variable at importing, or
+// you might get a nil pointer dereference panic at runtime.
+var JSONMarshalFunc func(v interface{}) ([]byte, error)
+
 type Encoder struct{}
 
 // AppendKey appends a new key to the output JSON.
 func (e Encoder) AppendKey(dst []byte, key string) []byte {
-	if len(dst) > 1 && dst[len(dst)-1] != '{' {
+	if dst[len(dst)-1] != '{' {
 		dst = append(dst, ',')
 	}
-	dst = e.AppendString(dst, key)
+	return append(e.AppendString(dst, key), ':')
-	return append(dst, ':')
 }

internal/json/string.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package json
 
-import "unicode/utf8"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
 
 const hex = "0123456789abcdef"
 
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendStrings(dst []byte, vals []string) []byte {
 //
 // The operation loops though each byte in the string looking
 // for characters that need json or utf8 encoding. If the string
-// does not need encoding, then the string is appended in it's
+// does not need encoding, then the string is appended in its
 // entirety to the byte slice.
 // If we encounter a byte that does need encoding, switch up
 // the operation and perform a byte-by-byte read-encode-append.
@@ -53,14 +56,39 @@ func (Encoder) AppendString(dst []byte, s string) []byte {
 			return append(dst, '"')
 		}
 	}
-	// The string has no need for encoding an therefore is directly
+	// The string has no need for encoding and therefore is directly
 	// appended to the byte slice.
 	dst = append(dst, s...)
 	// End with a double quote
 	return append(dst, '"')
 }
 
-// appendStringComplex is used by appendString to take over an in
+// AppendStringers encodes the provided Stringer list to json and
+// appends the encoded Stringer list to the input byte slice.
+func (e Encoder) AppendStringers(dst []byte, vals []fmt.Stringer) []byte {
+	if len(vals) == 0 {
+		return append(dst, '[', ']')
+	}
+	dst = append(dst, '[')
+	dst = e.AppendStringer(dst, vals[0])
+	if len(vals) > 1 {
+		for _, val := range vals[1:] {
+			dst = e.AppendStringer(append(dst, ','), val)
+		}
+	}
+	return append(dst, ']')
+}
+
+// AppendStringer encodes the input Stringer to json and appends the
+// encoded Stringer value to the input byte slice.
+func (e Encoder) AppendStringer(dst []byte, val fmt.Stringer) []byte {
+	if val == nil {
+		return e.AppendInterface(dst, nil)
+	}
+	return e.AppendString(dst, val.String())
+}
+
+//// appendStringComplex is used by appendString to take over an in
 // progress JSON string encoding that encountered a character that needs
 // to be encoded.
 func appendStringComplex(dst []byte, s string, i int) []byte {
@@ -71,7 +99,7 @@ func appendStringComplex(dst []byte, s string, i int) []byte {
 			r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[i:])
 			if r == utf8.RuneError && size == 1 {
 				// In case of error, first append previous simple characters to
-				// the byte slice if any and append a remplacement character code
+				// the byte slice if any and append a replacement character code
 				// in place of the invalid sequence.
 				if start < i {
 					dst = append(dst, s[start:i]...)

internal/json/time.go

@@ -5,11 +5,26 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+const (
+	// Import from zlog/global.go
+	timeFormatUnix      = ""
+	timeFormatUnixMs    = "UNIXMS"
+	timeFormatUnixMicro = "UNIXMICRO"
+	timeFormatUnixNano  = "UNIXNANO"
+)
+
 // AppendTime formats the input time with the given format
 // and appends the encoded string to the input byte slice.
 func (e Encoder) AppendTime(dst []byte, t time.Time, format string) []byte {
-	if format == "" {
+	switch format {
+	case timeFormatUnix:
 		return e.AppendInt64(dst, t.Unix())
+	case timeFormatUnixMs:
+		return e.AppendInt64(dst, t.UnixNano()/1000000)
+	case timeFormatUnixMicro:
+		return e.AppendInt64(dst, t.UnixNano()/1000)
+	case timeFormatUnixNano:
+		return e.AppendInt64(dst, t.UnixNano())
 	}
 	return append(t.AppendFormat(append(dst, '"'), format), '"')
 }
@@ -17,8 +32,15 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendTime(dst []byte, t time.Time, format string) []byte {
 // AppendTimes converts the input times with the given format
 // and appends the encoded string list to the input byte slice.
 func (Encoder) AppendTimes(dst []byte, vals []time.Time, format string) []byte {
-	if format == "" {
+	switch format {
+	case timeFormatUnix:
 		return appendUnixTimes(dst, vals)
+	case timeFormatUnixMs:
+		return appendUnixNanoTimes(dst, vals, 1000000)
+	case timeFormatUnixMicro:
+		return appendUnixNanoTimes(dst, vals, 1000)
+	case timeFormatUnixNano:
+		return appendUnixNanoTimes(dst, vals, 1)
 	}
 	if len(vals) == 0 {
 		return append(dst, '[', ']')
@@ -49,6 +71,21 @@ func appendUnixTimes(dst []byte, vals []time.Time) []byte {
 	return dst
 }
 
+func appendUnixNanoTimes(dst []byte, vals []time.Time, div int64) []byte {
+	if len(vals) == 0 {
+		return append(dst, '[', ']')
+	}
+	dst = append(dst, '[')
+	dst = strconv.AppendInt(dst, vals[0].UnixNano()/div, 10)
+	if len(vals) > 1 {
+		for _, t := range vals[1:] {
+			dst = strconv.AppendInt(append(dst, ','), t.UnixNano()/div, 10)
+		}
+	}
+	dst = append(dst, ']')
+	return dst
+}
+
 // AppendDuration formats the input duration with the given unit & format
 // and appends the encoded string to the input byte slice.
 func (e Encoder) AppendDuration(dst []byte, d time.Duration, unit time.Duration, useInt bool) []byte {

internal/json/types.go

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package json
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"net"
+	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 )
 
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendUints32(dst []byte, vals []uint32) []byte {
 // AppendUint64 converts the input uint64 to a string and
 // appends the encoded string to the input byte slice.
 func (Encoder) AppendUint64(dst []byte, val uint64) []byte {
-	return strconv.AppendUint(dst, uint64(val), 10)
+	return strconv.AppendUint(dst, val, 10)
 }
 
 // AppendUints64 encodes the input uint64s to json and
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendUints64(dst []byte, vals []uint64) []byte {
 
 func appendFloat(dst []byte, val float64, bitSize int) []byte {
 	// JSON does not permit NaN or Infinity. A typical JSON encoder would fail
-	// with an error, but a logging library wants the data to get thru so we
+	// with an error, but a logging library wants the data to get through so we
 	// make a tradeoff and store those types as string.
 	switch {
 	case math.IsNaN(val):
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendFloats64(dst []byte, vals []float64) []byte {
 		return append(dst, '[', ']')
 	}
 	dst = append(dst, '[')
-	dst = appendFloat(dst, vals[0], 32)
+	dst = appendFloat(dst, vals[0], 64)
 	if len(vals) > 1 {
 		for _, val := range vals[1:] {
 			dst = appendFloat(append(dst, ','), val, 64)
@@ -363,22 +363,34 @@ func (Encoder) AppendFloats64(dst []byte, vals []float64) []byte {
 // AppendInterface marshals the input interface to a string and
 // appends the encoded string to the input byte slice.
 func (e Encoder) AppendInterface(dst []byte, i interface{}) []byte {
-	marshaled, err := json.Marshal(i)
+	marshaled, err := JSONMarshalFunc(i)
 	if err != nil {
 		return e.AppendString(dst, fmt.Sprintf("marshaling error: %v", err))
 	}
 	return append(dst, marshaled...)
 }
 
+// AppendType appends the parameter type (as a string) to the input byte slice.
+func (e Encoder) AppendType(dst []byte, i interface{}) []byte {
+	if i == nil {
+		return e.AppendString(dst, "<nil>")
+	}
+	return e.AppendString(dst, reflect.TypeOf(i).String())
+}
+
 // AppendObjectData takes in an object that is already in a byte array
 // and adds it to the dst.
 func (Encoder) AppendObjectData(dst []byte, o []byte) []byte {
-	// Two conditions we want to put a ',' between existing content and
+	// Three conditions apply here:
-	// new content:
+	// 1. new content starts with '{' - which should be dropped   OR
-	// 1. new content starts with '{' - which shd be dropped   OR
+	// 2. new content starts with '{' - which should be replaced with ','
-	// 2. existing content has already other fields
+	//    to separate with existing content OR
+	// 3. existing content has already other fields
 	if o[0] == '{' {
-		o[0] = ','
+		if len(dst) > 1 {
+			dst = append(dst, ',')
+		}
+		o = o[1:]
 	} else if len(dst) > 1 {
 		dst = append(dst, ',')
 	}

internal/json/types_test.go

@@ -165,3 +165,45 @@ func Test_appendMac(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func Test_appendType(t *testing.T) {
+	typeTests := []struct {
+		label string
+		input interface{}
+		want  []byte
+	}{
+		{"int", 42, []byte(`"int"`)},
+		{"MAC", net.HardwareAddr{0x12, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x90, 0xab}, []byte(`"net.HardwareAddr"`)},
+		{"float64", float64(2.50), []byte(`"float64"`)},
+		{"nil", nil, []byte(`"<nil>"`)},
+		{"bool", true, []byte(`"bool"`)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range typeTests {
+		t.Run(tt.label, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := enc.AppendType([]byte{}, tt.input); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("appendType() = %s, want %s", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_appendObjectData(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		dst  []byte
+		obj  []byte
+		want []byte
+	}{
+		{[]byte{}, []byte(`{"foo":"bar"}`), []byte(`"foo":"bar"}`)},
+		{[]byte(`{"qux":"quz"`), []byte(`{"foo":"bar"}`), []byte(`{"qux":"quz","foo":"bar"}`)},
+		{[]byte{}, []byte(`"foo":"bar"`), []byte(`"foo":"bar"`)},
+		{[]byte(`{"qux":"quz"`), []byte(`"foo":"bar"`), []byte(`{"qux":"quz","foo":"bar"`)},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run("ObjectData", func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := enc.AppendObjectData(tt.dst, tt.obj); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("appendObjectData() = %s, want %s", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

journald/journald.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build !windows
 // +build !windows
 
 // Package journald provides a io.Writer to send the logs
@@ -5,8 +6,8 @@
 
 package journald
 
-// This file provides a zerolog writer so that logs printed
+// This file provides a zlog writer so that logs printed
-// using zerolog library can be sent to a journalD.
+// using zlog library can be sent to a journalD.
 
 // Zerolog's Top level key/Value Pairs are translated to
 // journald's args - all Values are sent to journald as strings.
@@ -20,16 +21,17 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/journal"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/internal/cbor"
 	"io"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22/journal"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/internal/cbor"
 )
 
 const defaultJournalDPrio = journal.PriNotice
 
-// NewJournalDWriter returns a zerolog log destination
+// NewJournalDWriter returns a zlog log destination
 // to be used as parameter to New() calls. Writing logs
 // to this writer will send the log messages to journalD
 // running in this system.
@@ -40,47 +42,46 @@ func NewJournalDWriter() io.Writer {
 type journalWriter struct {
 }
 
-// levelToJPrio converts zerolog Level string into
+// levelToJPrio converts zlog Level string into
 // journalD's priority values. JournalD has more
-// priorities than zerolog.
+// priorities than zlog.
 func levelToJPrio(zLevel string) journal.Priority {
-	lvl, _ := zerolog.ParseLevel(zLevel)
+	lvl, _ := zlog.ParseLevel(zLevel)
 
 	switch lvl {
-	case zerolog.DebugLevel:
+	case zlog.TraceLevel:
 		return journal.PriDebug
-	case zerolog.InfoLevel:
+	case zlog.DebugLevel:
+		return journal.PriDebug
+	case zlog.InfoLevel:
 		return journal.PriInfo
-	case zerolog.WarnLevel:
+	case zlog.WarnLevel:
 		return journal.PriWarning
-	case zerolog.ErrorLevel:
+	case zlog.ErrorLevel:
 		return journal.PriErr
-	case zerolog.FatalLevel:
+	case zlog.FatalLevel:
 		return journal.PriCrit
-	case zerolog.PanicLevel:
+	case zlog.PanicLevel:
 		return journal.PriEmerg
-	case zerolog.NoLevel:
+	case zlog.NoLevel:
 		return journal.PriNotice
 	}
 	return defaultJournalDPrio
 }
 
 func (w journalWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if !journal.Enabled() {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("Cannot connect to journalD!!")
-		return
-	}
 	var event map[string]interface{}
+	origPLen := len(p)
 	p = cbor.DecodeIfBinaryToBytes(p)
 	d := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(p))
 	d.UseNumber()
 	err = d.Decode(&event)
 	jPrio := defaultJournalDPrio
-	args := make(map[string]string, 0)
+	args := make(map[string]string)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	if l, ok := event[zerolog.LevelFieldName].(string); ok {
+	if l, ok := event[zlog.LevelFieldName].(string); ok {
 		jPrio = levelToJPrio(l)
 	}
 
@@ -88,20 +89,20 @@ func (w journalWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	for key, value := range event {
 		jKey := strings.ToUpper(key)
 		switch key {
-		case zerolog.LevelFieldName, zerolog.TimestampFieldName:
+		case zlog.LevelFieldName, zlog.TimestampFieldName:
 			continue
-		case zerolog.MessageFieldName:
+		case zlog.MessageFieldName:
 			msg, _ = value.(string)
 			continue
 		}
 
-		switch value.(type) {
+		switch v := value.(type) {
 		case string:
-			args[jKey], _ = value.(string)
+			args[jKey] = v
 		case json.Number:
 			args[jKey] = fmt.Sprint(value)
 		default:
-			b, err := json.Marshal(value)
+			b, err := zlog.InterfaceMarshalFunc(value)
 			if err != nil {
 				args[jKey] = fmt.Sprintf("[error: %v]", err)
 			} else {
@@ -111,5 +112,10 @@ func (w journalWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	}
 	args["JSON"] = string(p)
 	err = journal.Send(msg, jPrio, args)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		n = origPLen
+	}
+
 	return
 }

journald/journald_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
-// +build !windows
+// +build linux
 
 package journald_test
 
-import "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+import (
-import "github.com/rs/zerolog/journald"
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/journald"
+)
 
 func ExampleNewJournalDWriter() {
-	log := zerolog.New(journald.NewJournalDWriter())
+	log := zlog.New(journald.NewJournalDWriter())
 	log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Uint64("small", 123).Float64("float", 3.14).Uint64("big", 1152921504606846976).Msg("Journal Test")
 	// Output:
 }
@@ -42,3 +48,39 @@ Thu 2018-04-26 22:30:20.768136 PDT [s=3284d695bde946e4b5017c77a399237f;i=329f0;b
     _PID=27103
     _SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=1524807020768136
 */
+
+func TestWriteReturnsNoOfWrittenBytes(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"level":"info","time":1570912626,"message":"Starting..."}`)
+	wr := journald.NewJournalDWriter()
+	want := len(input)
+	got, err := wr.Write(input)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if want != got {
+		t.Errorf("Expected %d bytes to be written got %d", want, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMultiWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		w1 = new(bytes.Buffer)
+		w2 = new(bytes.Buffer)
+		w3 = journald.NewJournalDWriter()
+	)
+
+	zlog.ErrorHandler = func(err error) {
+		if err == io.ErrShortWrite {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected ShortWriteError")
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+	}
+
+	log := zlog.New(io.MultiWriter(w1, w2, w3)).With().Logger()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		log.Info().Msg("Tick!")
+	}
+}

log.go

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-// Package zerolog provides a lightweight logging library dedicated to JSON logging.
+// Package zlog provides a lightweight logging library dedicated to JSON logging.
 //
 // A global Logger can be use for simple logging:
 //
-//     import "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+//	import "tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 //
 //	log.Info().Msg("hello world")
 //	// Output: {"time":1494567715,"level":"info","message":"hello world"}
 //
-// NOTE: To import the global logger, import the "log" subpackage "github.com/rs/zerolog/log".
+// NOTE: To import the global logger, import the "log" subpackage "tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log".
 //
 // Fields can be added to log messages:
 //
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 //
 // Create logger instance to manage different outputs:
 //
-//     logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
+//	logger := zlog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
 //	logger.Info().
 //	       Str("foo", "bar").
 //	       Msg("hello world")
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 //
 // Level logging
 //
-//     zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.InfoLevel)
+//	zlog.SetGlobalLevel(zlog.InfoLevel)
 //
 //	log.Debug().Msg("filtered out message")
 //	log.Info().Msg("routed message")
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 //
 // Sample logs:
 //
-//     sampled := log.Sample(&zerolog.BasicSampler{N: 10})
+//	sampled := log.Sample(&zlog.BasicSampler{N: 10})
 //	sampled.Info().Msg("will be logged every 10 messages")
 //
 // Log with contextual hooks:
@@ -70,44 +70,45 @@
 //	// Create the hook:
 //	type SeverityHook struct{}
 //
-//     func (h SeverityHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, level zerolog.Level, msg string) {
+//	func (h SeverityHook) Run(e *zlog.Event, level zlog.Level, msg string) {
-//          if level != zerolog.NoLevel {
+//	     if level != zlog.NoLevel {
 //	         e.Str("severity", level.String())
 //	     }
 //	}
 //
 //	// And use it:
 //	var h SeverityHook
-//     log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).Hook(h)
+//	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).Hook(h)
 //	log.Warn().Msg("")
 //	// Output: {"level":"warn","severity":"warn"}
 //
-//
+// # Caveats
-// Caveats
 //
 // There is no fields deduplication out-of-the-box.
 // Using the same key multiple times creates new key in final JSON each time.
 //
-//     logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
+//	logger := zlog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
 //	logger.Info().
 //	       Timestamp().
 //	       Msg("dup")
 //	// Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"time":1494567715,"message":"dup"}
 //
-// However, it’s not a big deal though as JSON accepts dup keys,
+// In this case, many consumers will take the last value,
-// the last one prevails.
+// but this is not guaranteed; check yours if in doubt.
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 )
 
 // Level defines log levels.
-type Level uint8
+type Level int8
 
 const (
 	// DebugLevel defines debug log level.
@@ -126,53 +127,87 @@ const (
 	NoLevel
 	// Disabled disables the logger.
 	Disabled
+
+	// TraceLevel defines trace log level.
+	TraceLevel Level = -1
+	// Values less than TraceLevel are handled as numbers.
 )
 
 func (l Level) String() string {
 	switch l {
+	case TraceLevel:
+		return LevelTraceValue
 	case DebugLevel:
-		return "debug"
+		return LevelDebugValue
 	case InfoLevel:
-		return "info"
+		return LevelInfoValue
 	case WarnLevel:
-		return "warn"
+		return LevelWarnValue
 	case ErrorLevel:
-		return "error"
+		return LevelErrorValue
 	case FatalLevel:
-		return "fatal"
+		return LevelFatalValue
 	case PanicLevel:
-		return "panic"
+		return LevelPanicValue
+	case Disabled:
+		return "disabled"
 	case NoLevel:
 		return ""
 	}
-	return ""
+	return strconv.Itoa(int(l))
 }
 
-// ParseLevel converts a level string into a zerolog Level value.
+// ParseLevel converts a level string into a zlog Level value.
 // returns an error if the input string does not match known values.
 func ParseLevel(levelStr string) (Level, error) {
-	switch levelStr {
+	switch {
-	case DebugLevel.String():
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(TraceLevel)):
+		return TraceLevel, nil
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(DebugLevel)):
 		return DebugLevel, nil
-	case InfoLevel.String():
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(InfoLevel)):
 		return InfoLevel, nil
-	case WarnLevel.String():
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(WarnLevel)):
 		return WarnLevel, nil
-	case ErrorLevel.String():
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(ErrorLevel)):
 		return ErrorLevel, nil
-	case FatalLevel.String():
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(FatalLevel)):
 		return FatalLevel, nil
-	case PanicLevel.String():
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(PanicLevel)):
 		return PanicLevel, nil
-	case NoLevel.String():
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(Disabled)):
+		return Disabled, nil
+	case strings.EqualFold(levelStr, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(NoLevel)):
 		return NoLevel, nil
 	}
+	i, err := strconv.Atoi(levelStr)
+	if err != nil {
 		return NoLevel, fmt.Errorf("Unknown Level String: '%s', defaulting to NoLevel", levelStr)
+	}
+	if i > 127 || i < -128 {
+		return NoLevel, fmt.Errorf("Out-Of-Bounds Level: '%d', defaulting to NoLevel", i)
+	}
+	return Level(i), nil
+}
+
+// UnmarshalText implements encoding.TextUnmarshaler to allow for easy reading from toml/yaml/json formats
+func (l *Level) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
+	if l == nil {
+		return errors.New("can't unmarshal a nil *Level")
+	}
+	var err error
+	*l, err = ParseLevel(string(text))
+	return err
+}
+
+// MarshalText implements encoding.TextMarshaler to allow for easy writing into toml/yaml/json formats
+func (l Level) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
+	return []byte(LevelFieldMarshalFunc(l)), nil
 }
 
 // A Logger represents an active logging object that generates lines
 // of JSON output to an io.Writer. Each logging operation makes a single
-// call to the Writer's Write method. There is no guaranty on access
+// call to the Writer's Write method. There is no guarantee on access
 // serialization to the Writer. If your Writer is not thread safe,
 // you may consider a sync wrapper.
 type Logger struct {
@@ -181,6 +216,7 @@ type Logger struct {
 	sampler Sampler
 	context []byte
 	hooks   []Hook
+	stack   bool
 }
 
 // New creates a root logger with given output writer. If the output writer implements
@@ -188,7 +224,7 @@ type Logger struct {
 // one.
 //
 // Each logging operation makes a single call to the Writer's Write method. There is no
-// guaranty on access serialization to the Writer. If your Writer is not thread safe,
+// guarantee on access serialization to the Writer. If your Writer is not thread safe,
 // you may consider using sync wrapper.
 func New(w io.Writer) Logger {
 	if w == nil {
@@ -198,7 +234,7 @@ func New(w io.Writer) Logger {
 	if !ok {
 		lw = levelWriterAdapter{w}
 	}
-	return Logger{w: lw}
+	return Logger{w: lw, level: TraceLevel}
 }
 
 // Nop returns a disabled logger for which all operation are no-op.
@@ -211,6 +247,7 @@ func (l Logger) Output(w io.Writer) Logger {
 	l2 := New(w)
 	l2.level = l.level
 	l2.sampler = l.sampler
+	l2.stack = l.stack
 	if len(l.hooks) > 0 {
 		l2.hooks = append(l2.hooks, l.hooks...)
 	}
@@ -227,6 +264,10 @@ func (l Logger) With() Context {
 	l.context = make([]byte, 0, 500)
 	if context != nil {
 		l.context = append(l.context, context...)
+	} else {
+		// This is needed for AppendKey to not check len of input
+		// thus making it inlinable
+		l.context = enc.AppendBeginMarker(l.context)
 	}
 	return Context{l}
 }
@@ -241,6 +282,9 @@ func (l *Logger) UpdateContext(update func(c Context) Context) {
 	if cap(l.context) == 0 {
 		l.context = make([]byte, 0, 500)
 	}
+	if len(l.context) == 0 {
+		l.context = enc.AppendBeginMarker(l.context)
+	}
 	c := update(Context{*l})
 	l.context = c.l.context
 }
@@ -251,6 +295,11 @@ func (l Logger) Level(lvl Level) Logger {
 	return l
 }
 
+// GetLevel returns the current Level of l.
+func (l Logger) GetLevel() Level {
+	return l.level
+}
+
 // Sample returns a logger with the s sampler.
 func (l Logger) Sample(s Sampler) Logger {
 	l.sampler = s
@@ -259,10 +308,19 @@ func (l Logger) Sample(s Sampler) Logger {
 
 // Hook returns a logger with the h Hook.
 func (l Logger) Hook(h Hook) Logger {
-	l.hooks = append(l.hooks, h)
+	newHooks := make([]Hook, len(l.hooks), len(l.hooks)+1)
+	copy(newHooks, l.hooks)
+	l.hooks = append(newHooks, h)
 	return l
 }
 
+// Trace starts a new message with trace level.
+//
+// You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
+func (l *Logger) Trace() *Event {
+	return l.newEvent(TraceLevel, nil)
+}
+
 // Debug starts a new message with debug level.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
@@ -291,27 +349,43 @@ func (l *Logger) Error() *Event {
 	return l.newEvent(ErrorLevel, nil)
 }
 
+// Err starts a new message with error level with err as a field if not nil or
+// with info level if err is nil.
+//
+// You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
+func (l *Logger) Err(err error) *Event {
+	if err != nil {
+		return l.Error().Err(err)
+	}
+
+	return l.Info()
+}
+
 // Fatal starts a new message with fatal level. The os.Exit(1) function
-// is called by the Msg method.
+// is called by the Msg method, which terminates the program immediately.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
 func (l *Logger) Fatal() *Event {
 	return l.newEvent(FatalLevel, func(msg string) { os.Exit(1) })
 }
 
-// Panic starts a new message with panic level. The message is also sent
+// Panic starts a new message with panic level. The panic() function
-// to the panic function.
+// is called by the Msg method, which stops the ordinary flow of a goroutine.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
 func (l *Logger) Panic() *Event {
 	return l.newEvent(PanicLevel, func(msg string) { panic(msg) })
 }
 
-// WithLevel starts a new message with level.
+// WithLevel starts a new message with level. Unlike Fatal and Panic
+// methods, WithLevel does not terminate the program or stop the ordinary
+// flow of a goroutine when used with their respective levels.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
 func (l *Logger) WithLevel(level Level) *Event {
 	switch level {
+	case TraceLevel:
+		return l.Trace()
 	case DebugLevel:
 		return l.Debug()
 	case InfoLevel:
@@ -321,15 +395,15 @@ func (l *Logger) WithLevel(level Level) *Event {
 	case ErrorLevel:
 		return l.Error()
 	case FatalLevel:
-		return l.Fatal()
+		return l.newEvent(FatalLevel, nil)
 	case PanicLevel:
-		return l.Panic()
+		return l.newEvent(PanicLevel, nil)
 	case NoLevel:
 		return l.Log()
 	case Disabled:
 		return nil
 	default:
-		panic("zerolog: WithLevel(): invalid level: " + strconv.Itoa(int(level)))
+		return l.newEvent(level, nil)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -345,7 +419,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Log() *Event {
 // Arguments are handled in the manner of fmt.Print.
 func (l *Logger) Print(v ...interface{}) {
 	if e := l.Debug(); e.Enabled() {
-		e.Msg(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+		e.CallerSkipFrame(1).Msg(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -353,7 +427,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Print(v ...interface{}) {
 // Arguments are handled in the manner of fmt.Printf.
 func (l *Logger) Printf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 	if e := l.Debug(); e.Enabled() {
-		e.Msg(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+		e.CallerSkipFrame(1).Msg(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -365,24 +439,30 @@ func (l Logger) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 		// Trim CR added by stdlog.
 		p = p[0 : n-1]
 	}
-	l.Log().Msg(string(p))
+	l.Log().CallerSkipFrame(1).Msg(string(p))
 	return
 }
 
 func (l *Logger) newEvent(level Level, done func(string)) *Event {
 	enabled := l.should(level)
 	if !enabled {
+		if done != nil {
+			done("")
+		}
 		return nil
 	}
 	e := newEvent(l.w, level)
 	e.done = done
 	e.ch = l.hooks
-	if level != NoLevel {
+	if level != NoLevel && LevelFieldName != "" {
-		e.Str(LevelFieldName, level.String())
+		e.Str(LevelFieldName, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(level))
 	}
-	if l.context != nil && len(l.context) > 0 {
+	if l.context != nil && len(l.context) > 1 {
 		e.buf = enc.AppendObjectData(e.buf, l.context)
 	}
+	if l.stack {
+		e.Stack()
+	}
 	return e
 }
 

log/log.go

@@ -1,115 +1,168 @@
-// Package log provides a global logger for zerolog.
+// Package log provides a global logger for zlog.
 package log
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
 )
 
 // Logger is the global logger.
-var Logger = zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
+var Logger = zlog.New(nil).Output(
+	zerolog.ConsoleWriter{
+		Out:        os.Stderr,
+		TimeFormat: time.RFC3339,
+	},
+).With().Timestamp().Logger()
 
 // Output duplicates the global logger and sets w as its output.
-func Output(w io.Writer) zerolog.Logger {
+func Output(w io.Writer) zlog.Logger {
 	return Logger.Output(w)
 }
 
 // With creates a child logger with the field added to its context.
-func With() zerolog.Context {
+func With() zlog.Context {
 	return Logger.With()
 }
 
 // Level creates a child logger with the minimum accepted level set to level.
-func Level(level zerolog.Level) zerolog.Logger {
+func Level(level zlog.Level) zlog.Logger {
 	return Logger.Level(level)
 }
 
 // Sample returns a logger with the s sampler.
-func Sample(s zerolog.Sampler) zerolog.Logger {
+func Sample(s zlog.Sampler) zlog.Logger {
 	return Logger.Sample(s)
 }
 
 // Hook returns a logger with the h Hook.
-func Hook(h zerolog.Hook) zerolog.Logger {
+func Hook(h zlog.Hook) zlog.Logger {
 	return Logger.Hook(h)
 }
 
+// Err starts a new message with error level with err as a field if not nil or
+// with info level if err is nil.
+//
+// You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
+func Err(err error) *zlog.Event {
+	return Logger.Err(err)
+}
+
+// Trace starts a new message with trace level.
+//
+// You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
+func Trace() *zlog.Event {
+	return Logger.Trace()
+}
+
 // Debug starts a new message with debug level.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Debug() *zerolog.Event {
+func Debug() *zlog.Event {
 	return Logger.Debug()
 }
 
 // Info starts a new message with info level.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Info() *zerolog.Event {
+func Info() *zlog.Event {
 	return Logger.Info()
 }
 
 // Warn starts a new message with warn level.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Warn() *zerolog.Event {
+func Warn() *zlog.Event {
 	return Logger.Warn()
 }
 
 // Error starts a new message with error level.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Error() *zerolog.Event {
+func Error() *zlog.Event {
 	return Logger.Error()
 }
 
+// Errorf sends a log event using debug level and no extra field.
+// Arguments are handled in the manner of fmt.Errorf.
+func Errorf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	Logger.Error().CallerSkipFrame(1).Msgf(format, v...)
+}
+
+func Errorln(args ...interface{}) {
+	Logger.Error().Msg(fmt.Sprintln(args...))
+}
+
 // Fatal starts a new message with fatal level. The os.Exit(1) function
 // is called by the Msg method.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Fatal() *zerolog.Event {
+func Fatal() *zlog.Event {
 	return Logger.Fatal()
 }
 
+func Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	Logger.Fatal().Msgf(format, args...)
+}
+
+func Fatalln(args ...interface{}) {
+	Logger.Fatal().Msg(fmt.Sprintln(args...))
+}
+
 // Panic starts a new message with panic level. The message is also sent
 // to the panic function.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Panic() *zerolog.Event {
+func Panic() *zlog.Event {
 	return Logger.Panic()
 }
 
+func Panicf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	Logger.Panic().Msgf(format, args...)
+}
+
+func Panicln(args ...interface{}) {
+	Logger.Panic().Msg(fmt.Sprintln(args...))
+}
+
 // WithLevel starts a new message with level.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func WithLevel(level zerolog.Level) *zerolog.Event {
+func WithLevel(level zlog.Level) *zlog.Event {
 	return Logger.WithLevel(level)
 }
 
-// Log starts a new message with no level. Setting zerolog.GlobalLevel to
+// Log starts a new message with no level. Setting zlog.GlobalLevel to
-// zerolog.Disabled will still disable events produced by this method.
+// zlog.Disabled will still disable events produced by this method.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Log() *zerolog.Event {
+func Log() *zlog.Event {
 	return Logger.Log()
 }
 
 // Print sends a log event using debug level and no extra field.
 // Arguments are handled in the manner of fmt.Print.
 func Print(v ...interface{}) {
-	Logger.Print(v...)
+	Logger.Debug().CallerSkipFrame(1).Msg(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
 // Printf sends a log event using debug level and no extra field.
 // Arguments are handled in the manner of fmt.Printf.
 func Printf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
-	Logger.Printf(format, v...)
+	Logger.Debug().CallerSkipFrame(1).Msgf(format, v...)
+}
+
+func Println(args ...interface{}) {
+	Logger.Debug().Msg(fmt.Sprintln(args...))
 }
 
 // Ctx returns the Logger associated with the ctx. If no logger
 // is associated, a disabled logger is returned.
-func Ctx(ctx context.Context) *zerolog.Logger {
+func Ctx(ctx context.Context) *zlog.Logger {
-	return zerolog.Ctx(ctx)
+	return zlog.Ctx(ctx)
 }

log/log_example_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build !binary_log
 // +build !binary_log
 
 package log_test
@@ -8,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog/log"
 )
 
 // setup would normally be an init() function, however, there seems
@@ -17,16 +18,16 @@ import (
 // global Logger from an init()
 func setup() {
 	// UNIX Time is faster and smaller than most timestamps
-	// If you set zerolog.TimeFieldFormat to an empty string,
+	// If you set zlog.TimeFieldFormat to an empty string,
 	// logs will write with UNIX time
-	zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
+	zlog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
 	// In order to always output a static time to stdout for these
-	// examples to pass, we need to override zerolog.TimestampFunc
+	// examples to pass, we need to override zlog.TimestampFunc
 	// and log.Logger globals -- you would not normally need to do this
-	zerolog.TimestampFunc = func() time.Time {
+	zlog.TimestampFunc = func() time.Time {
 		return time.Date(2008, 1, 8, 17, 5, 05, 0, time.UTC)
 	}
-	log.Logger = zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().Timestamp().Logger()
+	log.Logger = zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().Timestamp().Logger()
 }
 
 // Simple logging example using the Print function in the log package
@@ -54,6 +55,25 @@ func ExampleLog() {
 	// Output: {"time":1199811905,"message":"hello world"}
 }
 
+// Example of a conditional level based on the presence of an error.
+func ExampleErr() {
+	setup()
+	err := errors.New("some error")
+	log.Err(err).Msg("hello world")
+	log.Err(nil).Msg("hello world")
+
+	// Output: {"level":"error","error":"some error","time":1199811905,"message":"hello world"}
+	// {"level":"info","time":1199811905,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
+// Example of a log at a particular "level" (in this case, "trace")
+func ExampleTrace() {
+	setup()
+	log.Trace().Msg("hello world")
+
+	// Output: {"level":"trace","time":1199811905,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
 // Example of a log at a particular "level" (in this case, "debug")
 func ExampleDebug() {
 	setup()
@@ -111,9 +131,9 @@ func Example() {
 	flag.Parse()
 
 	// Default level for this example is info, unless debug flag is present
-	zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.InfoLevel)
+	zlog.SetGlobalLevel(zlog.InfoLevel)
 	if *debug {
-		zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.DebugLevel)
+		zlog.SetGlobalLevel(zlog.DebugLevel)
 	}
 
 	log.Debug().Msg("This message appears only when log level set to Debug")

log_example_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // +build !binary_log
 
-package zerolog_test
+package zlog_test
 
 import (
 	"errors"
@@ -10,18 +10,18 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
 )
 
 func ExampleNew() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Info().Msg("hello world")
 	// Output: {"level":"info","message":"hello world"}
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_With() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).
 		With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Logger()
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func ExampleLogger_With() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Level() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).Level(zerolog.WarnLevel)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).Level(zlog.WarnLevel)
 
 	log.Info().Msg("filtered out message")
 	log.Error().Msg("kept message")
@@ -41,21 +41,21 @@ func ExampleLogger_Level() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Sample() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).Sample(&zerolog.BasicSampler{N: 2})
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).Sample(&zlog.BasicSampler{N: 2})
 
 	log.Info().Msg("message 1")
 	log.Info().Msg("message 2")
 	log.Info().Msg("message 3")
 	log.Info().Msg("message 4")
 
-	// Output: {"level":"info","message":"message 2"}
+	// Output: {"level":"info","message":"message 1"}
-	// {"level":"info","message":"message 4"}
+	// {"level":"info","message":"message 3"}
 }
 
 type LevelNameHook struct{}
 
-func (h LevelNameHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, l zerolog.Level, msg string) {
+func (h LevelNameHook) Run(e *zlog.Event, l zlog.Level, msg string) {
-	if l != zerolog.NoLevel {
+	if l != zlog.NoLevel {
 		e.Str("level_name", l.String())
 	} else {
 		e.Str("level_name", "NoLevel")
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (h LevelNameHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, l zerolog.Level, msg string) {
 
 type MessageHook string
 
-func (h MessageHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, l zerolog.Level, msg string) {
+func (h MessageHook) Run(e *zlog.Event, l zlog.Level, msg string) {
 	e.Str("the_message", msg)
 }
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func ExampleLogger_Hook() {
 	var levelNameHook LevelNameHook
 	var messageHook MessageHook = "The message"
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(messageHook)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).Hook(levelNameHook).Hook(messageHook)
 
 	log.Info().Msg("hello world")
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func ExampleLogger_Hook() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Print() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Print("hello world")
 
@@ -88,15 +88,26 @@ func ExampleLogger_Print() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Printf() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Printf("hello %s", "world")
 
 	// Output: {"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}
 }
 
+func ExampleLogger_Trace() {
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
+
+	log.Trace().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Int("n", 123).
+		Msg("hello world")
+
+	// Output: {"level":"trace","foo":"bar","n":123,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
 func ExampleLogger_Debug() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Debug().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
@@ -107,7 +118,7 @@ func ExampleLogger_Debug() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Info() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Info().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
@@ -118,7 +129,7 @@ func ExampleLogger_Info() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Warn() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Warn().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
@@ -128,7 +139,7 @@ func ExampleLogger_Warn() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Error() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Error().
 		Err(errors.New("some error")).
@@ -138,16 +149,16 @@ func ExampleLogger_Error() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_WithLevel() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
-	log.WithLevel(zerolog.InfoLevel).
+	log.WithLevel(zlog.InfoLevel).
 		Msg("hello world")
 
 	// Output: {"level":"info","message":"hello world"}
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Write() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Logger()
 
@@ -160,7 +171,7 @@ func ExampleLogger_Write() {
 }
 
 func ExampleLogger_Log() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Log().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
@@ -171,11 +182,11 @@ func ExampleLogger_Log() {
 }
 
 func ExampleEvent_Dict() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Log().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
-		Dict("dict", zerolog.Dict().
+		Dict("dict", zlog.Dict().
 			Str("bar", "baz").
 			Int("n", 1),
 		).
@@ -190,7 +201,7 @@ type User struct {
 	Created time.Time
 }
 
-func (u User) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
+func (u User) MarshalZerologObject(e *zlog.Event) {
 	e.Str("name", u.Name).
 		Int("age", u.Age).
 		Time("created", u.Created)
@@ -202,7 +213,7 @@ type Price struct {
 	unit string
 }
 
-func (p Price) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
+func (p Price) MarshalZerologObject(e *zlog.Event) {
 	denom := uint64(1)
 	for i := 0; i < p.prec; i++ {
 		denom *= 10
@@ -214,30 +225,34 @@ func (p Price) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
 
 type Users []User
 
-func (uu Users) MarshalZerologArray(a *zerolog.Array) {
+func (uu Users) MarshalZerologArray(a *zlog.Array) {
 	for _, u := range uu {
 		a.Object(u)
 	}
 }
 
 func ExampleEvent_Array() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Log().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
-		Array("array", zerolog.Arr().
+		Array("array", zlog.Arr().
 			Str("baz").
-			Int(1),
+			Int(1).
+			Dict(zlog.Dict().
+				Str("bar", "baz").
+				Int("n", 1),
+			),
 		).
 		Msg("hello world")
 
-	// Output: {"foo":"bar","array":["baz",1],"message":"hello world"}
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","array":["baz",1,{"bar":"baz","n":1}],"message":"hello world"}
 }
 
 func ExampleEvent_Array_object() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
-	// Users implements zerolog.LogArrayMarshaler
+	// Users implements zlog.LogArrayMarshaler
 	u := Users{
 		User{"John", 35, time.Time{}},
 		User{"Bob", 55, time.Time{}},
@@ -252,9 +267,9 @@ func ExampleEvent_Array_object() {
 }
 
 func ExampleEvent_Object() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
-	// User implements zerolog.LogObjectMarshaler
+	// User implements zlog.LogObjectMarshaler
 	u := User{"John", 35, time.Time{}}
 
 	log.Log().
@@ -266,7 +281,7 @@ func ExampleEvent_Object() {
 }
 
 func ExampleEvent_EmbedObject() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	price := Price{val: 6449, prec: 2, unit: "$"}
 
@@ -279,7 +294,7 @@ func ExampleEvent_EmbedObject() {
 }
 
 func ExampleEvent_Interface() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	obj := struct {
 		Name string `json:"name"`
@@ -296,9 +311,9 @@ func ExampleEvent_Interface() {
 }
 
 func ExampleEvent_Dur() {
-	d := time.Duration(10 * time.Second)
+	d := 10 * time.Second
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Log().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
@@ -310,11 +325,11 @@ func ExampleEvent_Dur() {
 
 func ExampleEvent_Durs() {
 	d := []time.Duration{
-		time.Duration(10 * time.Second),
+		10 * time.Second,
-		time.Duration(20 * time.Second),
+		20 * time.Second,
 	}
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
 
 	log.Log().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
@@ -324,10 +339,42 @@ func ExampleEvent_Durs() {
 	// Output: {"foo":"bar","durs":[10000,20000],"message":"hello world"}
 }
 
-func ExampleContext_Dict() {
+func ExampleEvent_Fields_map() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	fields := map[string]interface{}{
+		"bar": "baz",
+		"n":   1,
+	}
+
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
+
+	log.Log().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
-		Dict("dict", zerolog.Dict().
+		Fields(fields).
+		Msg("hello world")
+
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
+func ExampleEvent_Fields_slice() {
+	fields := []interface{}{
+		"bar", "baz",
+		"n", 1,
+	}
+
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout)
+
+	log.Log().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Fields(fields).
+		Msg("hello world")
+
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
+func ExampleContext_Dict() {
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Dict("dict", zlog.Dict().
 			Str("bar", "baz").
 			Int("n", 1),
 		).Logger()
@@ -338,9 +385,9 @@ func ExampleContext_Dict() {
 }
 
 func ExampleContext_Array() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
-		Array("array", zerolog.Arr().
+		Array("array", zlog.Arr().
 			Str("baz").
 			Int(1),
 		).Logger()
@@ -351,13 +398,13 @@ func ExampleContext_Array() {
 }
 
 func ExampleContext_Array_object() {
-	// Users implements zerolog.LogArrayMarshaler
+	// Users implements zlog.LogArrayMarshaler
 	u := Users{
 		User{"John", 35, time.Time{}},
 		User{"Bob", 55, time.Time{}},
 	}
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Array("users", u).
 		Logger()
@@ -368,10 +415,10 @@ func ExampleContext_Array_object() {
 }
 
 func ExampleContext_Object() {
-	// User implements zerolog.LogObjectMarshaler
+	// User implements zlog.LogObjectMarshaler
 	u := User{"John", 35, time.Time{}}
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Object("user", u).
 		Logger()
@@ -385,7 +432,7 @@ func ExampleContext_EmbedObject() {
 
 	price := Price{val: 6449, prec: 2, unit: "$"}
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		EmbedObject(price).
 		Logger()
@@ -402,7 +449,7 @@ func ExampleContext_Interface() {
 		Name: "john",
 	}
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Interface("obj", obj).
 		Logger()
@@ -413,9 +460,9 @@ func ExampleContext_Interface() {
 }
 
 func ExampleContext_Dur() {
-	d := time.Duration(10 * time.Second)
+	d := 10 * time.Second
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Dur("dur", d).
 		Logger()
@@ -427,11 +474,11 @@ func ExampleContext_Dur() {
 
 func ExampleContext_Durs() {
 	d := []time.Duration{
-		time.Duration(10 * time.Second),
+		10 * time.Second,
-		time.Duration(20 * time.Second),
+		20 * time.Second,
 	}
 
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		Str("foo", "bar").
 		Durs("durs", d).
 		Logger()
@@ -443,7 +490,7 @@ func ExampleContext_Durs() {
 
 func ExampleContext_IPAddr() {
 	hostIP := net.IP{192, 168, 0, 100}
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		IPAddr("HostIP", hostIP).
 		Logger()
 
@@ -454,7 +501,7 @@ func ExampleContext_IPAddr() {
 
 func ExampleContext_IPPrefix() {
 	route := net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{192, 168, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(24, 32)}
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		IPPrefix("Route", route).
 		Logger()
 
@@ -463,9 +510,9 @@ func ExampleContext_IPPrefix() {
 	// Output: {"Route":"192.168.0.0/24","message":"hello world"}
 }
 
-func ExampleContext_MacAddr() {
+func ExampleContext_MACAddr() {
 	mac := net.HardwareAddr{0x00, 0x14, 0x22, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45}
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
 		MACAddr("hostMAC", mac).
 		Logger()
 
@@ -473,3 +520,35 @@ func ExampleContext_MacAddr() {
 
 	// Output: {"hostMAC":"00:14:22:01:23:45","message":"hello world"}
 }
+
+func ExampleContext_Fields_map() {
+	fields := map[string]interface{}{
+		"bar": "baz",
+		"n":   1,
+	}
+
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Fields(fields).
+		Logger()
+
+	log.Log().Msg("hello world")
+
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
+}
+
+func ExampleContext_Fields_slice() {
+	fields := []interface{}{
+		"bar", "baz",
+		"n", 1,
+	}
+
+	log := zlog.New(os.Stdout).With().
+		Str("foo", "bar").
+		Fields(fields).
+		Logger()
+
+	log.Log().Msg("hello world")
+
+	// Output: {"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
+}

log_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -75,10 +77,30 @@ func TestInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestEmptyLevelFieldName(t *testing.T) {
+	fieldName := LevelFieldName
+	LevelFieldName = ""
+
+	t.Run("empty setting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		log := New(out)
+		log.Info().
+			Str("foo", "bar").
+			Int("n", 123).
+			Msg("")
+		if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"foo":"bar","n":123}`+"\n"; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+		}
+	})
+	LevelFieldName = fieldName
+}
+
 func TestWith(t *testing.T) {
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	ctx := New(out).With().
 		Str("string", "foo").
+		Stringer("stringer", net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}).
+		Stringer("stringer_nil", nil).
 		Bytes("bytes", []byte("bar")).
 		Hex("hex", []byte{0x12, 0xef}).
 		RawJSON("json", []byte(`{"some":"json"}`)).
@@ -102,7 +124,21 @@ func TestWith(t *testing.T) {
 	caller := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+3)
 	log := ctx.Caller().Logger()
 	log.Log().Msg("")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":"foo","bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"float32":11.101,"float64":12.30303,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","caller":"`+caller+`"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":"foo","stringer":"127.0.0.1","stringer_nil":null,"bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"float32":11.101,"float64":12.30303,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","caller":"`+caller+`"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	// Validate CallerWithSkipFrameCount.
+	out.Reset()
+	_, file, line, _ = runtime.Caller(0)
+	caller = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+5)
+	log = ctx.CallerWithSkipFrameCount(3).Logger()
+	func() {
+		log.Log().Msg("")
+	}()
+	// The above line is a little contrived, but the line above should be the line due
+	// to the extra frame skip.
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":"foo","stringer":"127.0.0.1","stringer_nil":null,"bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"float32":11.101,"float64":12.30303,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","caller":"`+caller+`"}`+"\n"; got != want {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -164,6 +200,112 @@ func TestFieldsMapPnt(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFieldsMapNilPnt(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		stringPnt  *string
+		boolPnt    *bool
+		intPnt     *int
+		int8Pnt    *int8
+		int16Pnt   *int16
+		int32Pnt   *int32
+		int64Pnt   *int64
+		uintPnt    *uint
+		uint8Pnt   *uint8
+		uint16Pnt  *uint16
+		uint32Pnt  *uint32
+		uint64Pnt  *uint64
+		float32Pnt *float32
+		float64Pnt *float64
+		durPnt     *time.Duration
+		timePnt    *time.Time
+	)
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(out)
+	fields := map[string]interface{}{
+		"string":  stringPnt,
+		"bool":    boolPnt,
+		"int":     intPnt,
+		"int8":    int8Pnt,
+		"int16":   int16Pnt,
+		"int32":   int32Pnt,
+		"int64":   int64Pnt,
+		"uint":    uintPnt,
+		"uint8":   uint8Pnt,
+		"uint16":  uint16Pnt,
+		"uint32":  uint32Pnt,
+		"uint64":  uint64Pnt,
+		"float32": float32Pnt,
+		"float64": float64Pnt,
+		"dur":     durPnt,
+		"time":    timePnt,
+	}
+
+	log.Log().Fields(fields).Msg("")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"bool":null,"dur":null,"float32":null,"float64":null,"int":null,"int16":null,"int32":null,"int64":null,"int8":null,"string":null,"time":null,"uint":null,"uint16":null,"uint32":null,"uint64":null,"uint8":null}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFieldsSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(out)
+	log.Log().Fields([]interface{}{
+		"nil", nil,
+		"string", "foo",
+		"bytes", []byte("bar"),
+		"error", errors.New("some error"),
+		"bool", true,
+		"int", int(1),
+		"int8", int8(2),
+		"int16", int16(3),
+		"int32", int32(4),
+		"int64", int64(5),
+		"uint", uint(6),
+		"uint8", uint8(7),
+		"uint16", uint16(8),
+		"uint32", uint32(9),
+		"uint64", uint64(10),
+		"float32", float32(11),
+		"float64", float64(12),
+		"ipv6", net.IP{0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0x85, 0xa3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8a, 0x2e, 0x03, 0x70, 0x73, 0x34},
+		"dur", 1 * time.Second,
+		"time", time.Time{},
+		"obj", obj{"a", "b", 1},
+	}).Msg("")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"nil":null,"string":"foo","bytes":"bar","error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"float32":11,"float64":12,"ipv6":"2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334","dur":1000,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","obj":{"Pub":"a","Tag":"b","priv":1}}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFieldsSliceExtraneous(t *testing.T) {
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(out)
+	log.Log().Fields([]interface{}{
+		"string", "foo",
+		"error", errors.New("some error"),
+		32, "valueForNonStringKey",
+		"bool", true,
+		"int", int(1),
+		"keyWithoutValue",
+	}).Msg("")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":"foo","error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFieldsNotMapSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(out)
+	log.Log().
+		Fields(obj{"a", "b", 1}).
+		Fields("string").
+		Fields(1).
+		Msg("")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFields(t *testing.T) {
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	log := New(out)
@@ -173,9 +315,13 @@ func TestFields(t *testing.T) {
 	log.Log().
 		Caller().
 		Str("string", "foo").
+		Stringer("stringer", net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}).
+		Stringer("stringer_nil", nil).
 		Bytes("bytes", []byte("bar")).
 		Hex("hex", []byte{0x12, 0xef}).
 		RawJSON("json", []byte(`{"some":"json"}`)).
+		RawCBOR("cbor", []byte{0x83, 0x01, 0x82, 0x02, 0x03, 0x82, 0x04, 0x05}).
+		Func(func(e *Event) { e.Str("func", "func_output") }).
 		AnErr("some_err", nil).
 		Err(errors.New("some error")).
 		Bool("bool", true).
@@ -199,7 +345,7 @@ func TestFields(t *testing.T) {
 		Time("time", time.Time{}).
 		TimeDiff("diff", now, now.Add(-10*time.Second)).
 		Msg("")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"caller":"`+caller+`","string":"foo","bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"IPv4":"192.168.0.100","IPv6":"2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334","Mac":"00:14:22:01:23:45","Prefix":"192.168.0.100/24","float32":11.1234,"float64":12.321321321,"dur":1000,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","diff":10000}`+"\n"; got != want {
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"caller":"`+caller+`","string":"foo","stringer":"127.0.0.1","stringer_nil":null,"bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"cbor":"data:application/cbor;base64,gwGCAgOCBAU=","func":"func_output","error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"IPv4":"192.168.0.100","IPv6":"2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334","Mac":"00:14:22:01:23:45","Prefix":"192.168.0.100/24","float32":11.1234,"float64":12.321321321,"dur":1000,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","diff":10000}`+"\n"; got != want {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -209,6 +355,7 @@ func TestFieldsArrayEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	log := New(out)
 	log.Log().
 		Strs("string", []string{}).
+		Stringers("stringer", []fmt.Stringer{}).
 		Errs("err", []error{}).
 		Bools("bool", []bool{}).
 		Ints("int", []int{}).
@@ -226,7 +373,7 @@ func TestFieldsArrayEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 		Durs("dur", []time.Duration{}).
 		Times("time", []time.Time{}).
 		Msg("")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":[],"err":[],"bool":[],"int":[],"int8":[],"int16":[],"int32":[],"int64":[],"uint":[],"uint8":[],"uint16":[],"uint32":[],"uint64":[],"float32":[],"float64":[],"dur":[],"time":[]}`+"\n"; got != want {
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":[],"stringer":[],"err":[],"bool":[],"int":[],"int8":[],"int16":[],"int32":[],"int64":[],"uint":[],"uint8":[],"uint16":[],"uint32":[],"uint64":[],"float32":[],"float64":[],"dur":[],"time":[]}`+"\n"; got != want {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -236,6 +383,7 @@ func TestFieldsArraySingleElement(t *testing.T) {
 	log := New(out)
 	log.Log().
 		Strs("string", []string{"foo"}).
+		Stringers("stringer", []fmt.Stringer{net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}}).
 		Errs("err", []error{errors.New("some error")}).
 		Bools("bool", []bool{true}).
 		Ints("int", []int{1}).
@@ -251,9 +399,9 @@ func TestFieldsArraySingleElement(t *testing.T) {
 		Floats32("float32", []float32{11}).
 		Floats64("float64", []float64{12}).
 		Durs("dur", []time.Duration{1 * time.Second}).
-		Times("time", []time.Time{time.Time{}}).
+		Times("time", []time.Time{{}}).
 		Msg("")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":["foo"],"err":["some error"],"bool":[true],"int":[1],"int8":[2],"int16":[3],"int32":[4],"int64":[5],"uint":[6],"uint8":[7],"uint16":[8],"uint32":[9],"uint64":[10],"float32":[11],"float64":[12],"dur":[1000],"time":["0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"]}`+"\n"; got != want {
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":["foo"],"stringer":["127.0.0.1"],"err":["some error"],"bool":[true],"int":[1],"int8":[2],"int16":[3],"int32":[4],"int64":[5],"uint":[6],"uint8":[7],"uint16":[8],"uint32":[9],"uint64":[10],"float32":[11],"float64":[12],"dur":[1000],"time":["0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"]}`+"\n"; got != want {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -263,6 +411,7 @@ func TestFieldsArrayMultipleElement(t *testing.T) {
 	log := New(out)
 	log.Log().
 		Strs("string", []string{"foo", "bar"}).
+		Stringers("stringer", []fmt.Stringer{nil, net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}}).
 		Errs("err", []error{errors.New("some error"), nil}).
 		Bools("bool", []bool{true, false}).
 		Ints("int", []int{1, 0}).
@@ -278,9 +427,9 @@ func TestFieldsArrayMultipleElement(t *testing.T) {
 		Floats32("float32", []float32{11, 0}).
 		Floats64("float64", []float64{12, 0}).
 		Durs("dur", []time.Duration{1 * time.Second, 0}).
-		Times("time", []time.Time{time.Time{}, time.Time{}}).
+		Times("time", []time.Time{{}, {}}).
 		Msg("")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":["foo","bar"],"err":["some error",null],"bool":[true,false],"int":[1,0],"int8":[2,0],"int16":[3,0],"int32":[4,0],"int64":[5,0],"uint":[6,0],"uint8":[7,0],"uint16":[8,0],"uint32":[9,0],"uint64":[10,0],"float32":[11,0],"float64":[12,0],"dur":[1000,0],"time":["0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"]}`+"\n"; got != want {
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":["foo","bar"],"stringer":[null,"127.0.0.1"],"err":["some error",null],"bool":[true,false],"int":[1,0],"int8":[2,0],"int16":[3,0],"int32":[4,0],"int64":[5,0],"uint":[6,0],"uint8":[7,0],"uint16":[8,0],"uint32":[9,0],"uint64":[10,0],"float32":[11,0],"float64":[12,0],"dur":[1000,0],"time":["0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"]}`+"\n"; got != want {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -291,10 +440,12 @@ func TestFieldsDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 	now := time.Now()
 	log.Debug().
 		Str("string", "foo").
+		Stringer("stringer", net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}).
 		Bytes("bytes", []byte("bar")).
 		Hex("hex", []byte{0x12, 0xef}).
 		AnErr("some_err", nil).
 		Err(errors.New("some error")).
+		Func(func(e *Event) { e.Str("func", "func_output") }).
 		Bool("bool", true).
 		Int("int", 1).
 		Int8("int8", 2).
@@ -391,6 +542,24 @@ func TestLevel(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestGetLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	levels := []Level{
+		DebugLevel,
+		InfoLevel,
+		WarnLevel,
+		ErrorLevel,
+		FatalLevel,
+		PanicLevel,
+		NoLevel,
+		Disabled,
+	}
+	for _, level := range levels {
+		if got, want := New(nil).Level(level).GetLevel(), level; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("GetLevel() = %v, want: %v", got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSampling(t *testing.T) {
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	log := New(out).Sample(&BasicSampler{N: 2})
@@ -398,7 +567,22 @@ func TestSampling(t *testing.T) {
 	log.Log().Int("i", 2).Msg("")
 	log.Log().Int("i", 3).Msg("")
 	log.Log().Int("i", 4).Msg("")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), "{\"i\":2}\n{\"i\":4}\n"; got != want {
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), "{\"i\":1}\n{\"i\":3}\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscard(t *testing.T) {
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(out)
+	log.Log().Discard().Str("a", "b").Msgf("one %s %.1f %d %v", "two", 3.4, 5, errors.New("six"))
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), ""; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	// Double call
+	log.Log().Discard().Discard().Str("a", "b").Msgf("one %s %.1f %d %v", "two", 3.4, 5, errors.New("six"))
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), ""; got != want {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -430,32 +614,45 @@ func TestLevelWriter(t *testing.T) {
 			p string
 		}{},
 	}
-	log := New(lw)
+
+	// Allow extra-verbose logs.
+	SetGlobalLevel(TraceLevel - 1)
+	log := New(lw).Level(TraceLevel - 1)
+
+	log.Trace().Msg("0")
 	log.Debug().Msg("1")
 	log.Info().Msg("2")
 	log.Warn().Msg("3")
 	log.Error().Msg("4")
 	log.Log().Msg("nolevel-1")
-	log.WithLevel(DebugLevel).Msg("5")
+	log.WithLevel(TraceLevel).Msg("5")
-	log.WithLevel(InfoLevel).Msg("6")
+	log.WithLevel(DebugLevel).Msg("6")
-	log.WithLevel(WarnLevel).Msg("7")
+	log.WithLevel(InfoLevel).Msg("7")
-	log.WithLevel(ErrorLevel).Msg("8")
+	log.WithLevel(WarnLevel).Msg("8")
+	log.WithLevel(ErrorLevel).Msg("9")
 	log.WithLevel(NoLevel).Msg("nolevel-2")
+	log.WithLevel(-1).Msg("-1") // Same as TraceLevel
+	log.WithLevel(-2).Msg("-2") // Will log
+	log.WithLevel(-3).Msg("-3") // Will not log
 
 	want := []struct {
 		l Level
 		p string
 	}{
+		{TraceLevel, `{"level":"trace","message":"0"}` + "\n"},
 		{DebugLevel, `{"level":"debug","message":"1"}` + "\n"},
 		{InfoLevel, `{"level":"info","message":"2"}` + "\n"},
 		{WarnLevel, `{"level":"warn","message":"3"}` + "\n"},
 		{ErrorLevel, `{"level":"error","message":"4"}` + "\n"},
 		{NoLevel, `{"message":"nolevel-1"}` + "\n"},
-		{DebugLevel, `{"level":"debug","message":"5"}` + "\n"},
+		{TraceLevel, `{"level":"trace","message":"5"}` + "\n"},
-		{InfoLevel, `{"level":"info","message":"6"}` + "\n"},
+		{DebugLevel, `{"level":"debug","message":"6"}` + "\n"},
-		{WarnLevel, `{"level":"warn","message":"7"}` + "\n"},
+		{InfoLevel, `{"level":"info","message":"7"}` + "\n"},
-		{ErrorLevel, `{"level":"error","message":"8"}` + "\n"},
+		{WarnLevel, `{"level":"warn","message":"8"}` + "\n"},
+		{ErrorLevel, `{"level":"error","message":"9"}` + "\n"},
 		{NoLevel, `{"message":"nolevel-2"}` + "\n"},
+		{Level(-1), `{"level":"trace","message":"-1"}` + "\n"},
+		{Level(-2), `{"level":"-2","message":"-2"}` + "\n"},
 	}
 	if got := lw.ops; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid ops:\ngot:\n%v\nwant:\n%v", got, want)
@@ -527,7 +724,7 @@ type loggableError struct {
 }
 
 func (l loggableError) MarshalZerologObject(e *Event) {
-	e.Str("message", l.error.Error() + ": loggableError")
+	e.Str("message", l.error.Error()+": loggableError")
 }
 
 func TestErrorMarshalFunc(t *testing.T) {
@@ -549,7 +746,7 @@ func TestErrorMarshalFunc(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// test overriding the ErrorMarshalFunc
 	originalErrorMarshalFunc := ErrorMarshalFunc
-	defer func(){
+	defer func() {
 		ErrorMarshalFunc = originalErrorMarshalFunc
 	}()
 
@@ -579,3 +776,236 @@ func TestErrorMarshalFunc(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCallerMarshalFunc(t *testing.T) {
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(out)
+
+	// test default behaviour this is really brittle due to the line numbers
+	// actually mattering for validation
+	pc, file, line, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
+	caller := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+2)
+	log.Log().Caller().Msg("msg")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"caller":"`+caller+`","message":"msg"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+
+	// test custom behavior. In this case we'll take just the last directory
+	origCallerMarshalFunc := CallerMarshalFunc
+	defer func() { CallerMarshalFunc = origCallerMarshalFunc }()
+	CallerMarshalFunc = func(pc uintptr, file string, line int) string {
+		parts := strings.Split(file, "/")
+		if len(parts) > 1 {
+			return strings.Join(parts[len(parts)-2:], "/") + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
+		}
+
+		return runtime.FuncForPC(pc).Name() + ":" + file + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
+	}
+	pc, file, line, _ = runtime.Caller(0)
+	caller = CallerMarshalFunc(pc, file, line+2)
+	log.Log().Caller().Msg("msg")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"caller":"`+caller+`","message":"msg"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLevelFieldMarshalFunc(t *testing.T) {
+	origLevelFieldMarshalFunc := LevelFieldMarshalFunc
+	LevelFieldMarshalFunc = func(l Level) string {
+		return strings.ToUpper(l.String())
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		LevelFieldMarshalFunc = origLevelFieldMarshalFunc
+	}()
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := New(out)
+
+	log.Debug().Msg("test")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"DEBUG","message":"test"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+
+	log.Info().Msg("test")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"INFO","message":"test"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+
+	log.Warn().Msg("test")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"WARN","message":"test"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+
+	log.Error().Msg("test")
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"ERROR","message":"test"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+}
+
+type errWriter struct {
+	error
+}
+
+func (w errWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	return 0, w.error
+}
+
+func TestErrorHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	var got error
+	want := errors.New("write error")
+	ErrorHandler = func(err error) {
+		got = err
+	}
+	log := New(errWriter{want})
+	log.Log().Msg("test")
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("ErrorHandler err = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateEmptyContext(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	log := New(&buf)
+
+	log.UpdateContext(func(c Context) Context {
+		return c.Str("foo", "bar")
+	})
+	log.Info().Msg("no panic")
+
+	want := `{"level":"info","foo":"bar","message":"no panic"}` + "\n"
+
+	if got := decodeIfBinaryToString(buf.Bytes()); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %q\nwant: %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLevel_String(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		l    Level
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"trace", TraceLevel, "trace"},
+		{"debug", DebugLevel, "debug"},
+		{"info", InfoLevel, "info"},
+		{"warn", WarnLevel, "warn"},
+		{"error", ErrorLevel, "error"},
+		{"fatal", FatalLevel, "fatal"},
+		{"panic", PanicLevel, "panic"},
+		{"disabled", Disabled, "disabled"},
+		{"nolevel", NoLevel, ""},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := tt.l.String(); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("String() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLevel_MarshalText(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		l    Level
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"trace", TraceLevel, "trace"},
+		{"debug", DebugLevel, "debug"},
+		{"info", InfoLevel, "info"},
+		{"warn", WarnLevel, "warn"},
+		{"error", ErrorLevel, "error"},
+		{"fatal", FatalLevel, "fatal"},
+		{"panic", PanicLevel, "panic"},
+		{"disabled", Disabled, "disabled"},
+		{"nolevel", NoLevel, ""},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got, err := tt.l.MarshalText(); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("MarshalText couldn't marshal: %v", tt.l)
+			} else if string(got) != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("String() = %v, want %v", string(got), tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		levelStr string
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		args    args
+		want    Level
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"trace", args{"trace"}, TraceLevel, false},
+		{"debug", args{"debug"}, DebugLevel, false},
+		{"info", args{"info"}, InfoLevel, false},
+		{"warn", args{"warn"}, WarnLevel, false},
+		{"error", args{"error"}, ErrorLevel, false},
+		{"fatal", args{"fatal"}, FatalLevel, false},
+		{"panic", args{"panic"}, PanicLevel, false},
+		{"disabled", args{"disabled"}, Disabled, false},
+		{"nolevel", args{""}, NoLevel, false},
+		{"-1", args{"-1"}, TraceLevel, false},
+		{"-2", args{"-2"}, Level(-2), false},
+		{"-3", args{"-3"}, Level(-3), false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := ParseLevel(tt.args.levelStr)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("ParseLevel() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("ParseLevel() got = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnmarshalTextLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		levelStr string
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		args    args
+		want    Level
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"trace", args{"trace"}, TraceLevel, false},
+		{"debug", args{"debug"}, DebugLevel, false},
+		{"info", args{"info"}, InfoLevel, false},
+		{"warn", args{"warn"}, WarnLevel, false},
+		{"error", args{"error"}, ErrorLevel, false},
+		{"fatal", args{"fatal"}, FatalLevel, false},
+		{"panic", args{"panic"}, PanicLevel, false},
+		{"disabled", args{"disabled"}, Disabled, false},
+		{"nolevel", args{""}, NoLevel, false},
+		{"-1", args{"-1"}, TraceLevel, false},
+		{"-2", args{"-2"}, Level(-2), false},
+		{"-3", args{"-3"}, Level(-3), false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var l Level
+			err := l.UnmarshalText([]byte(tt.args.levelStr))
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("UnmarshalText() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if l != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("UnmarshalText() got = %v, want %v", l, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

not_go112.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// +build !go1.12
+
+package zlog
+
+const contextCallerSkipFrameCount = 3

pkgerrors/stacktrace.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package pkgerrors
+
+import (
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+var (
+	StackSourceFileName     = "source"
+	StackSourceLineName     = "line"
+	StackSourceFunctionName = "func"
+)
+
+type state struct {
+	b []byte
+}
+
+// Write implement fmt.Formatter interface.
+func (s *state) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	s.b = b
+	return len(b), nil
+}
+
+// Width implement fmt.Formatter interface.
+func (s *state) Width() (wid int, ok bool) {
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+// Precision implement fmt.Formatter interface.
+func (s *state) Precision() (prec int, ok bool) {
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+// Flag implement fmt.Formatter interface.
+func (s *state) Flag(c int) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func frameField(f errors.Frame, s *state, c rune) string {
+	f.Format(s, c)
+	return string(s.b)
+}
+
+// MarshalStack implements pkg/errors stack trace marshaling.
+//
+//	zlog.ErrorStackMarshaler = MarshalStack
+func MarshalStack(err error) interface{} {
+	type stackTracer interface {
+		StackTrace() errors.StackTrace
+	}
+	var sterr stackTracer
+	var ok bool
+	for err != nil {
+		sterr, ok = err.(stackTracer)
+		if ok {
+			break
+		}
+
+		u, ok := err.(interface {
+			Unwrap() error
+		})
+		if !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		err = u.Unwrap()
+	}
+	if sterr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	st := sterr.StackTrace()
+	s := &state{}
+	out := make([]map[string]string, 0, len(st))
+	for _, frame := range st {
+		out = append(out, map[string]string{
+			StackSourceFileName:     frameField(frame, s, 's'),
+			StackSourceLineName:     frameField(frame, s, 'd'),
+			StackSourceFunctionName: frameField(frame, s, 'n'),
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}

pkgerrors/stacktrace_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// +build !binary_log
+
+package pkgerrors
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"tuxpa.in/a/zlog"
+)
+
+func TestLogStack(t *testing.T) {
+	zlog.ErrorStackMarshaler = MarshalStack
+
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := zlog.New(out)
+
+	err := fmt.Errorf("from error: %w", errors.New("error message"))
+	log.Log().Stack().Err(err).Msg("")
+
+	got := out.String()
+	want := `\{"stack":\[\{"func":"TestLogStack","line":"21","source":"stacktrace_test.go"\},.*\],"error":"from error: error message"\}\n`
+	if ok, _ := regexp.MatchString(want, got); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLogStackFromContext(t *testing.T) {
+	zlog.ErrorStackMarshaler = MarshalStack
+
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := zlog.New(out).With().Stack().Logger() // calling Stack() on log context instead of event
+
+	err := fmt.Errorf("from error: %w", errors.New("error message"))
+	log.Log().Err(err).Msg("") // not explicitly calling Stack()
+
+	got := out.String()
+	want := `\{"stack":\[\{"func":"TestLogStackFromContext","line":"37","source":"stacktrace_test.go"\},.*\],"error":"from error: error message"\}\n`
+	if ok, _ := regexp.MatchString(want, got); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkLogStack(b *testing.B) {
+	zlog.ErrorStackMarshaler = MarshalStack
+	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	log := zlog.New(out)
+	err := errors.Wrap(errors.New("error message"), "from error")
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		log.Log().Stack().Err(err).Msg("")
+		out.Reset()
+	}
+}

sampler.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"math/rand"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func (s RandomSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool {
 }
 
 // BasicSampler is a sampler that will send every Nth events, regardless of
-// there level.
+// their level.
 type BasicSampler struct {
 	N       uint32
 	counter uint32
@@ -46,8 +46,12 @@ type BasicSampler struct {
 
 // Sample implements the Sampler interface.
 func (s *BasicSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool {
+	n := s.N
+	if n == 1 {
+		return true
+	}
 	c := atomic.AddUint32(&s.counter, 1)
-	return c%s.N == 0
+	return c%n == 1
 }
 
 // BurstSampler lets Burst events pass per Period then pass the decision to
@@ -100,11 +104,15 @@ func (s *BurstSampler) inc() uint32 {
 
 // LevelSampler applies a different sampler for each level.
 type LevelSampler struct {
-	DebugSampler, InfoSampler, WarnSampler, ErrorSampler Sampler
+	TraceSampler, DebugSampler, InfoSampler, WarnSampler, ErrorSampler Sampler
 }
 
 func (s LevelSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool {
 	switch lvl {
+	case TraceLevel:
+		if s.TraceSampler != nil {
+			return s.TraceSampler.Sample(lvl)
+		}
 	case DebugLevel:
 		if s.DebugSampler != nil {
 			return s.DebugSampler.Sample(lvl)

sampler_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // +build !binary_log
 
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"testing"
@@ -15,7 +15,14 @@ var samplers = []struct {
 	wantMax int
 }{
 	{
-		"BasicSampler",
+		"BasicSampler_1",
+		func() Sampler {
+			return &BasicSampler{N: 1}
+		},
+		100, 100, 100,
+	},
+	{
+		"BasicSampler_5",
 		func() Sampler {
 			return &BasicSampler{N: 5}
 		},

syslog.go

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 // +build !windows
 // +build !binary_log
 
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
 	"io"
 )
 
+// See http://cee.mitre.org/language/1.0-beta1/clt.html#syslog
+// or https://www.rsyslog.com/json-elasticsearch/
+const ceePrefix = "@cee:"
+
 // SyslogWriter is an interface matching a syslog.Writer struct.
 type SyslogWriter interface {
 	io.Writer
@@ -20,38 +24,57 @@ type SyslogWriter interface {
 
 type syslogWriter struct {
 	w      SyslogWriter
+	prefix string
 }
 
 // SyslogLevelWriter wraps a SyslogWriter and call the right syslog level
-// method matching the zerolog level.
+// method matching the zlog level.
 func SyslogLevelWriter(w SyslogWriter) LevelWriter {
-	return syslogWriter{w}
+	return syslogWriter{w, ""}
+}
+
+// SyslogCEEWriter wraps a SyslogWriter with a SyslogLevelWriter that adds a
+// MITRE CEE prefix for JSON syslog entries, compatible with rsyslog 
+// and syslog-ng JSON logging support. 
+// See https://www.rsyslog.com/json-elasticsearch/
+func SyslogCEEWriter(w SyslogWriter) LevelWriter {
+	return syslogWriter{w, ceePrefix}
 }
 
 func (sw syslogWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	return sw.w.Write(p)
+	var pn int
+	if sw.prefix != "" {
+		pn, err = sw.w.Write([]byte(sw.prefix))
+		if err != nil {
+			return pn, err
+		}
+	}
+	n, err = sw.w.Write(p)
+	return pn + n, err
 }
 
 // WriteLevel implements LevelWriter interface.
 func (sw syslogWriter) WriteLevel(level Level, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	switch level {
+	case TraceLevel:
 	case DebugLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Debug(string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Debug(sw.prefix + string(p))
 	case InfoLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Info(string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Info(sw.prefix + string(p))
 	case WarnLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Warning(string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Warning(sw.prefix + string(p))
 	case ErrorLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Err(string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Err(sw.prefix + string(p))
 	case FatalLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Emerg(string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Emerg(sw.prefix + string(p))
 	case PanicLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Crit(string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Crit(sw.prefix + string(p))
 	case NoLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Info(string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Info(sw.prefix + string(p))
 	default:
 		panic("invalid level")
 	}
+	// Any CEE prefix is not part of the message, so we don't include its length
 	n = len(p)
 	return
 }

syslog_test.go

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 // +build !binary_log
 // +build !windows
 
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
-import "testing"
+import (
-import "reflect"
+	"bytes"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
 
 type syslogEvent struct {
 	level string
@@ -17,6 +21,10 @@ type syslogTestWriter struct {
 func (w *syslogTestWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
 	return 0, nil
 }
+func (w *syslogTestWriter) Trace(m string) error {
+	w.events = append(w.events, syslogEvent{"Trace", m})
+	return nil
+}
 func (w *syslogTestWriter) Debug(m string) error {
 	w.events = append(w.events, syslogEvent{"Debug", m})
 	return nil
@@ -45,6 +53,7 @@ func (w *syslogTestWriter) Crit(m string) error {
 func TestSyslogWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	sw := &syslogTestWriter{}
 	log := New(SyslogLevelWriter(sw))
+	log.Trace().Msg("trace")
 	log.Debug().Msg("debug")
 	log.Info().Msg("info")
 	log.Warn().Msg("warn")
@@ -61,3 +70,39 @@ func TestSyslogWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid syslog message routing: want %v, got %v", want, got)
 	}
 }
+
+type testCEEwriter struct {
+	buf *bytes.Buffer
+}
+
+// Only implement one method as we're just testing the prefixing
+func (c testCEEwriter) Debug(m string) error { return nil }
+
+func (c testCEEwriter) Info(m string) error {
+	_, err := c.buf.Write([]byte(m))
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c testCEEwriter) Warning(m string) error { return nil }
+
+func (c testCEEwriter) Err(m string) error { return nil }
+
+func (c testCEEwriter) Emerg(m string) error { return nil }
+
+func (c testCEEwriter) Crit(m string) error { return nil }
+
+func (c testCEEwriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	return c.buf.Write(b)
+}
+
+func TestSyslogWriter_WithCEE(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	sw := testCEEwriter{&buf}
+	log := New(SyslogCEEWriter(sw))
+	log.Info().Str("key", "value").Msg("message string")
+	got := string(buf.Bytes())
+	want := "@cee:{"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("Bad CEE message start: want %v, got %v", want, got)
+	}
+}

writer.go

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"io"
+	"path"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 )
 
@@ -26,11 +31,9 @@ type syncWriter struct {
 }
 
 // SyncWriter wraps w so that each call to Write is synchronized with a mutex.
-// This syncer can be the call to writer's Write method is not thread safe.
+// This syncer can be used to wrap the call to writer's Write method if it is
-// Note that os.File Write operation is using write() syscall which is supposed
+// not thread safe. Note that you do not need this wrapper for os.File Write
-// to be thread-safe on POSIX systems. So there is no need to use this with
+// operations on POSIX and Windows systems as they are already thread-safe.
-// os.File on such systems as zerolog guaranties to issue a single Write call
-// per log event.
 func SyncWriter(w io.Writer) io.Writer {
 	if lw, ok := w.(LevelWriter); ok {
 		return &syncWriter{lw: lw}
@@ -58,30 +61,30 @@ type multiLevelWriter struct {
 
 func (t multiLevelWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	for _, w := range t.writers {
-		n, err = w.Write(p)
+		if _n, _err := w.Write(p); err == nil {
-		if err != nil {
+			n = _n
-			return
+			if _err != nil {
-		}
+				err = _err
-		if n != len(p) {
+			} else if _n != len(p) {
 				err = io.ErrShortWrite
-			return
 			}
 		}
-	return len(p), nil
+	}
+	return n, err
 }
 
 func (t multiLevelWriter) WriteLevel(l Level, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	for _, w := range t.writers {
-		n, err = w.WriteLevel(l, p)
+		if _n, _err := w.WriteLevel(l, p); err == nil {
-		if err != nil {
+			n = _n
-			return
+			if _err != nil {
-		}
+				err = _err
-		if n != len(p) {
+			} else if _n != len(p) {
 				err = io.ErrShortWrite
-			return
 			}
 		}
-	return len(p), nil
+	}
+	return n, err
 }
 
 // MultiLevelWriter creates a writer that duplicates its writes to all the
@@ -98,3 +101,54 @@ func MultiLevelWriter(writers ...io.Writer) LevelWriter {
 	}
 	return multiLevelWriter{lwriters}
 }
+
+// TestingLog is the logging interface of testing.TB.
+type TestingLog interface {
+	Log(args ...interface{})
+	Logf(format string, args ...interface{})
+	Helper()
+}
+
+// TestWriter is a writer that writes to testing.TB.
+type TestWriter struct {
+	T TestingLog
+
+	// Frame skips caller frames to capture the original file and line numbers.
+	Frame int
+}
+
+// NewTestWriter creates a writer that logs to the testing.TB.
+func NewTestWriter(t TestingLog) TestWriter {
+	return TestWriter{T: t}
+}
+
+// Write to testing.TB.
+func (t TestWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	t.T.Helper()
+
+	n = len(p)
+
+	// Strip trailing newline because t.Log always adds one.
+	p = bytes.TrimRight(p, "\n")
+
+	// Try to correct the log file and line number to the caller.
+	if t.Frame > 0 {
+		_, origFile, origLine, _ := runtime.Caller(1)
+		_, frameFile, frameLine, ok := runtime.Caller(1 + t.Frame)
+		if ok {
+			erase := strings.Repeat("\b", len(path.Base(origFile))+len(strconv.Itoa(origLine))+3)
+			t.T.Logf("%s%s:%d: %s", erase, path.Base(frameFile), frameLine, p)
+			return n, err
+		}
+	}
+	t.T.Log(string(p))
+
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// ConsoleTestWriter creates an option that correctly sets the file frame depth for testing.TB log.
+func ConsoleTestWriter(t TestingLog) func(w *ConsoleWriter) {
+	return func(w *ConsoleWriter) {
+		w.Out = TestWriter{T: t, Frame: 6}
+	}
+}

writer_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-// +build !binary_log
+//go:build !binary_log && !windows
-// +build !windows
+// +build !binary_log,!windows
 
-package zerolog
+package zlog
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -27,3 +31,147 @@ func TestMultiSyslogWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid syslog message routing: want %v, got %v", want, got)
 	}
 }
+
+var writeCalls int
+
+type mockedWriter struct {
+	wantErr bool
+}
+
+func (c mockedWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	writeCalls++
+
+	if c.wantErr {
+		return -1, errors.New("Expected error")
+	}
+
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+// Tests that a new writer is only used if it actually works.
+func TestResilientMultiWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		writers []io.Writer
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "All valid writers",
+			writers: []io.Writer{
+				mockedWriter{
+					wantErr: false,
+				},
+				mockedWriter{
+					wantErr: false,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "All invalid writers",
+			writers: []io.Writer{
+				mockedWriter{
+					wantErr: true,
+				},
+				mockedWriter{
+					wantErr: true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "First invalid writer",
+			writers: []io.Writer{
+				mockedWriter{
+					wantErr: true,
+				},
+				mockedWriter{
+					wantErr: false,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "First valid writer",
+			writers: []io.Writer{
+				mockedWriter{
+					wantErr: false,
+				},
+				mockedWriter{
+					wantErr: true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		writers := tt.writers
+		multiWriter := MultiLevelWriter(writers...)
+
+		logger := New(multiWriter).With().Timestamp().Logger().Level(InfoLevel)
+		logger.Info().Msg("Test msg")
+
+		if len(writers) != writeCalls {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %d writers to have been called but only %d were.", len(writers), writeCalls)
+		}
+		writeCalls = 0
+	}
+}
+
+type testingLog struct {
+	testing.TB
+	buf bytes.Buffer
+}
+
+func (t *testingLog) Log(args ...interface{}) {
+	if _, err := t.buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprint(args...)); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *testingLog) Logf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	if _, err := t.buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTestWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		write []byte
+		want  []byte
+	}{{
+		name:  "newline",
+		write: []byte("newline\n"),
+		want:  []byte("newline"),
+	}, {
+		name:  "oneline",
+		write: []byte("oneline"),
+		want:  []byte("oneline"),
+	}, {
+		name:  "twoline",
+		write: []byte("twoline\n\n"),
+		want:  []byte("twoline"),
+	}}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tb := &testingLog{TB: t} // Capture TB log buffer.
+			w := TestWriter{T: tb}
+
+			n, err := w.Write(tt.write)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+			if n != len(tt.write) {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d write length but got %d", len(tt.write), n)
+			}
+			p := tb.buf.Bytes()
+			if !bytes.Equal(tt.want, p) {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %q, got %q.", tt.want, p)
+			}
+
+			log := New(NewConsoleWriter(ConsoleTestWriter(t)))
+			log.Info().Str("name", tt.name).Msg("Success!")
+
+			tb.buf.Reset()
+		})
+	}
+
+}