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3520ad2286
* Mention that Safari needs TLS 1.2 https://github.com/cdr/code-server/issues/3850 * Delete duplicated guide sections
474 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
474 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
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# Setup Guide
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- [Expose code-server](#expose-code-server)
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- [Port forwarding via SSH](#port-forwarding-via-ssh)
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- [Using Let's Encrypt with Caddy](#using-lets-encrypt-with-caddy)
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- [Using Let's Encrypt with NGINX](#using-lets-encrypt-with-nginx)
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- [Using a self-signed certificate](#using-a-self-signed-certificate)
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- [TLS 1.3 and Safari](#tls-13-and-safari)
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- [External authentication](#external-authentication)
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- [HTTPS and self-signed certificates](#https-and-self-signed-certificates)
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- [Accessing web services](#accessing-web-services)
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- [Using a subdomain](#using-a-subdomain)
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- [Using a subpath](#using-a-subpath)
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- [Stripping `/proxy/<port>` from the request path](#stripping-proxyport-from-the-request-path)
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- [Proxying to create a React app](#proxying-to-create-a-react-app)
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- [Proxying to a Vue app](#proxying-to-a-vue-app)
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- [SSH into code-server on VS Code](#ssh-into-code-server-on-vs-code)
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- [Option 1: cloudflared tunnel](#option-1-cloudflared-tunnel)
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- [Option 2: ngrok tunnel](#option-2-ngrok-tunnel)
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<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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This article will walk you through exposing code-server securely once you've
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completed the [installation process](install.md).
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## Expose code-server
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**Never** expose code-server directly to the internet without some form of
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authentication and encryption, otherwise someone can take over your machine via
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the terminal.
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By default, code-server uses password authentication. As such, you must copy the
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password from code-server's config file to log in. To avoid exposing itself
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unnecessarily, code-server listens on `localhost`; this practice is fine for
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testing, but it doesn't work if you want to access code-server from a different
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machine.
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> **Rate limits:** code-server rate limits password authentication attempts to
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> two per minute plus an additional twelve per hour.
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There are several approaches to operating and exposing code-server securely:
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- Port forwarding via SSH
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- Using Let's Encrypt with Caddy
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- Using Let's Encrypt with NGINX
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- Using a self-signed certificate
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### Port forwarding via SSH
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We highly recommend using [port forwarding via
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SSH](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/PortForwarding) to access
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code-server. If you have an SSH server on your remote machine, this approach
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doesn't required additional setup.
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The downside to SSH forwarding, however, is that you can't access code-server
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when using machines without SSH clients (such as iPads). If this applies to you,
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we recommend using another method, such as [Let's Encrypt](#let-encrypt) instead.
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> To work properly, your environment should have WebSockets enabled, which
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> code-server uses to communicate between the browser and server.
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1. SSH into your instance and edit the code-server config file to disable
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password authentication:
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```console
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# Replaces "auth: password" with "auth: none" in the code-server config.
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sed -i.bak 's/auth: password/auth: none/' ~/.config/code-server/config.yaml
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```
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2. Restart code-server:
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```console
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sudo systemctl restart code-server@$USER
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```
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3. Forward local port `8080` to `127.0.0.1:8080` on the remote instance by running the following command on your local machine:
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```console
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# -N disables executing a remote shell
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ssh -N -L 8080:127.0.0.1:8080 [user]@<instance-ip>
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```
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4. At this point, you can access code-server by pointing your web browser to `http://127.0.0.1:8080`.
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5. If you'd like to make the port forwarding via SSH persistent, we recommend
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using [mutagen](https://mutagen.io/documentation/introduction/installation)
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to do so. Once you've installed mutagen, you can port forward as follows:
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```console
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# This is the same as the above SSH command, but it runs in the background
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# continuously. Be sure to add `mutagen daemon start` to your ~/.bashrc to
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# start the mutagen daemon when you open a shell.
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mutagen forward create --name=code-server tcp:127.0.0.1:8080 < instance-ip > :tcp:127.0.0.1:8080
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```
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6. Optional, but highly recommended: add the following to `~/.ssh/config` so
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that you can detect bricked SSH connections:
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```bash
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Host *
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ServerAliveInterval 5
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ExitOnForwardFailure yes
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```
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> You can [forward your
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> SSH](https://developer.github.com/v3/guides/using-ssh-agent-forwarding/) and
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> [GPG agent](https://wiki.gnupg.org/AgentForwarding) to the instance to
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> securely access GitHub and sign commits without having to copy your keys.
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### Using Let's Encrypt with Caddy
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Using [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org) is an option if you want to
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access code-server on an iPad or do not want to use SSH port forwarding.
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1. This option requires that the remote machine be exposed to the internet. Make sure that your instance allows HTTP/HTTP traffic.
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1. You'll need a domain name (if you don't have one, you can purchase one from
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[Google Domains](https://domains.google.com) or the domain service of your
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choice)). Once you have a domain name, add an A record to your domain that contains your
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instance's IP address.
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1. Install [Caddy](https://caddyserver.com/docs/download#debian-ubuntu-raspbian):
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```console
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sudo apt install -y debian-keyring debian-archive-keyring apt-transport-https
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curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/stable/cfg/gpg/gpg.155B6D79CA56EA34.key' | sudo apt-key add -
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curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/stable/cfg/setup/config.deb.txt?distro=debian&version=any-version' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/caddy-stable.list
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install caddy
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```
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1. Replace `/etc/caddy/Caddyfile` using `sudo` so that the file looks like this:
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```text
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mydomain.com
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reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8080
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```
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If you want to serve code-server from a sub-path, you can do so as follows:
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```text
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mydomain.com/code/* {
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uri strip_prefix /code
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reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8080
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}
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```
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Remember to replace `mydomain.com` with your domain name!
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1. Reload Caddy:
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```console
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sudo systemctl reload caddy
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```
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At this point, you should be able to access code-server via
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`https://mydomain.com`.
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### Using Let's Encrypt with NGINX
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1. This option requires that the remote machine be exposed to the internet. Make sure that your instance allows HTTP/HTTP traffic.
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1. You'll need a domain name (if you don't have one, you can purchase one from
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[Google Domains](https://domains.google.com) or the domain service of your
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choice)). Once you have a domain name, add an A record to your domain that contains your
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instance's IP address.
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1. Install NGINX:
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```bash
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install -y nginx certbot python3-certbot-nginx
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```
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1. Update `/etc/nginx/sites-available/code-server` using sudo with the following
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configuration:
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```text
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server {
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listen 80;
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listen [::]:80;
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server_name mydomain.com;
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location / {
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proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
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proxy_set_header Connection upgrade;
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proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding gzip;
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}
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}
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```
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Be sure to replace `mydomain.com` with your domain name!
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1. Enable the config:
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```console
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sudo ln -s ../sites-available/code-server /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/code-server
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sudo certbot --non-interactive --redirect --agree-tos --nginx -d mydomain.com -m me@example.com
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```
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Be sure to replace `me@example.com` with your actual email.
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At this point, you should be able to access code-server via
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`https://mydomain.com`.
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### Using a self-signed certificate
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> Self signed certificates do not work with iPad; see [./ipad.md](./ipad.md) for
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> more information.
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Before proceeding, we recommend familiarizing yourself with the [risks of
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self-signing a certificate for
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SSL](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/8110).
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We recommend self-signed certificates as a last resort, since self-signed
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certificates do not work with iPads and may cause unexpected issues with
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code-server. You should only proceed with this option if:
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- You do not want to buy a domain or you cannot expose the remote machine to
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the internet
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- You do not want to use port forwarding via SSH
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To use a self-signed certificate:
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1. This option requires that the remote machine be exposed to the internet. Make
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sure that your instance allows HTTP/HTTP traffic.
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1. SSH into your instance and edit your code-server config file to use a
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randomly generated self-signed certificate:
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```console
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# Replaces "cert: false" with "cert: true" in the code-server config.
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sed -i.bak 's/cert: false/cert: true/' ~/.config/code-server/config.yaml
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# Replaces "bind-addr: 127.0.0.1:8080" with "bind-addr: 0.0.0.0:443" in the code-server config.
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sed -i.bak 's/bind-addr: 127.0.0.1:8080/bind-addr: 0.0.0.0:443/' ~/.config/code-server/config.yaml
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# Allows code-server to listen on port 443.
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sudo setcap cap_net_bind_service=+ep /usr/lib/code-server/lib/node
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```
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1. Restart code-server:
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```console
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sudo systemctl restart code-server@$USER
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```
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At this point, you should be able to access code-server via
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`https://<your-instance-ip>`.
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If you'd like to avoid the warnings displayed by code-server when using a
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self-signed certificate, you can use [mkcert](https://mkcert.dev) to create a
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self-signed certificate that's trusted by your operating system, then pass the
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certificate to code-server via the `cert` and `cert-key` config fields.
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### TLS 1.3 and Safari
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If you will be using Safari and your configuration does not allow anything less
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than TLS 1.3 you will need to add support for TLS 1.2 since Safari does not
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support TLS 1.3 for web sockets at the time of writing. If this is the case you
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should see OSSStatus: 9836 in the browser console.
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## External authentication
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If you want to use external authentication mechanism (e.g., Sign in with
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Google), you can do this with a reverse proxy such as:
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- [Pomerium](https://www.pomerium.io/guides/code-server.html)
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- [oauth2_proxy](https://github.com/pusher/oauth2_proxy)
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- [Cloudflare Access](https://teams.cloudflare.com/access)
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## HTTPS and self-signed certificates
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For HTTPS, you can use a self-signed certificate by:
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- Passing in `--cert`
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- Passing in an existing certificate by providing the path to `--cert` and the
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path to the key with `--cert-key`
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The self signed certificate will be generated to
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`~/.local/share/code-server/self-signed.crt`.
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If you pass a certificate to code-server, it will respond to HTTPS requests and
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redirect all HTTP requests to HTTPS.
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> You can use [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/) to get a TLS certificate
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> for free.
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Note: if you set `proxy_set_header Host $host;` in your reverse proxy config, it will change the address displayed in the green section of code-server in the bottom left to show the correct address.
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## Accessing web services
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If you're working on web services and want to access it locally, code-server
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can proxy to any port using either a subdomain or a subpath, allowing you to
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securely access these services using code-server's built-in authentication.
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### Using a subdomain
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You will need a DNS entry that points to your server for each port you want to
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access. You can either set up a wildcard DNS entry for `*.<domain>` if your
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domain name registrar supports it, or you can create one for every port you want
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to access (`3000.<domain>`, `8080.<domain>`, etc).
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You should also set up TLS certificates for these subdomains, either using a
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wildcard certificate for `*.<domain>` or individual certificates for each port.
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To set your domain, start code-server with the `--proxy-domain` flag:
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```console
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code-server --proxy-domain <domain>
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```
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Now you can browse to `<port>.<domain>`. Note that this uses the host header, so
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ensure your reverse proxy (if you're using one) forwards that information.
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### Using a subpath
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Simply browse to `/proxy/<port>/`.
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### Stripping `/proxy/<port>` from the request path
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You may notice that the code-server proxy strips `/proxy/<port>` from the
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request path.
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HTTP servers should use relative URLs to avoid the need to be coupled to the
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absolute path at which they are served. This means you must [use trailing
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slashes on all paths with
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subpaths](https://blog.cdivilly.com/2019/02/28/uri-trailing-slashes).
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This reasoning is why the default behavior is to strip `/proxy/<port>` from the
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base path. If your application uses relative URLs and does not assume the
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absolute path at which it is being served, it will just work no matter what port
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you decide to serve it off or if you put it in behind code-server or any other
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proxy.
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However, some prefer the cleaner aesthetic of no trailing slashes. Omitting the
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trailing slashes couples you to the base path, since you cannot use relative
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redirects correctly anymore. If you're okay with this tradeoff, use `/absproxy`
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instead and the path will be passed as is (e.g., `/absproxy/3000/my-app-path`).
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### Proxying to create a React app
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You must use `/absproxy/<port>` with `create-react-app` (see
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[#2565](https://github.com/cdr/code-server/issues/2565) and
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[#2222](https://github.com/cdr/code-server/issues/2222) for more information).
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You will need to inform `create-react-app` of the path at which you are serving
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via `$PUBLIC_URL` and webpack via `$WDS_SOCKET_PATH`:
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```sh
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PUBLIC_URL=/absproxy/3000 \
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WDS_SOCKET_PATH=$PUBLIC_URL/sockjs-node \
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BROWSER=none yarn start
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```
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You should then be able to visit `https://my-code-server-address.io/absproxy/3000` to see your app exposed through
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code-server!
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> We highly recommend using the subdomain approach instead to avoid this class of issue.
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### Proxying to a Vue app
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Similar to the situation with React apps, you have to make a few modifications to proxy a Vue app.
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1. add `vue.config.js`
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2. update the values to match this (you can use any free port):
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```js
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module.exports = {
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devServer: {
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port: 3454,
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sockPath: "sockjs-node",
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},
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publicPath: "/absproxy/3454",
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}
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```
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3. access app at `<code-server-root>/absproxy/3454` e.g. `http://localhost:8080/absproxy/3454`
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Read more about `publicPath` in the [Vue.js docs](https://cli.vuejs.org/config/#publicpath)
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## SSH into code-server on VS Code
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[](https://ohmyz.sh/) [](https://img.shields.io/badge/Terminal-2E2E2E?style=for-the-badge&logo=Windows+Terminal&logoColor=ffffff) [](vscode:extension/ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh)
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Follow these steps where code-server is running:
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1. Install `openssh-server`, `wget`, and `unzip`.
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```bash
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# example for Debian and Ubuntu operating systems
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install wget unzip openssh-server
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```
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2. Start the SSH server and set the password for your user, if you haven't already. If you use [deploy-code-server](https://github.com/cdr/deploy-code-server),
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```bash
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sudo service ssh start
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sudo passwd {user} # replace user with your code-server user
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```
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### Option 1: cloudflared tunnel
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[](https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflared)
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1. Install [cloudflared](https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflared#installing-cloudflared) on your local computer
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2. Then go to `~/.ssh/config` and add the following:
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```shell
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Host *.trycloudflare.com
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HostName %h
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User root
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Port 22
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ProxyCommand "cloudflared location" access ssh --hostname %h
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```
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3. Run `cloudflared tunnel --url ssh://localhost:22` on the remote server
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4. Finally on VS Code or any IDE that supports SSH, run `ssh coder@https://your-link.trycloudflare.com` or `ssh coder@your-link.trycloudflare.com`
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### Option 2: ngrok tunnel
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[](https://ngrok.com/)
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1. Make a new account for ngrok [here](https://dashboard.ngrok.com/login)
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2. Now, get the ngrok binary with `wget` and unzip it with `unzip`:
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```bash
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wget "https://bin.equinox.io/c/4VmDzA7iaHb/ngrok-stable-linux-amd64.zip"
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unzip "ngrok-stable-linux-amd64.zip"
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```
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5. Then, go to [dashboard.ngrok.com](https://dashboard.ngrok.com) and go to the `Your Authtoken` section.
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6. Copy the Authtoken shown there.
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7. Now, go to the folder where you unzipped ngrok and store the Authtoken from the ngrok Dashboard.
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```bash
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./ngrok authtoken YOUR_AUTHTOKEN # replace YOUR_AUTHTOKEN with the ngrok authtoken.
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```
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8. Now, forward port 22, which is the SSH port with this command:
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```bash
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./ngrok tcp 22
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```
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Now, you get a screen in the terminal like this:
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```console
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ngrok by @inconshreveable(Ctrl+C to quit)
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Session Status online
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Account {Your name} (Plan: Free)
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Version 2.3.40
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Region United States (us)
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Web Interface http://127.0.0.1:4040
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Forwarding tcp://0.tcp.ngrok.io:19028 -> localhost:22
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```
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In this case, copy the forwarded link `0.tcp.ngrok.io` and remember the port number `19028`. Type this on your local Visual Studio Code:
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```bash
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ssh user@0.tcp.ngrok.io -p 19028
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```
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The port redirects you to the default SSH port 22, and you can then successfully connect to code-server by entering the password you set for the user.
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Note: the port and the url provided by ngrok will change each time you run it so modify as needed.
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